You will find below the horoscope of Charles Munch with his interactive chart, an excerpt of his astrological portrait and his planetary dominants.
Additional information on the source of the birth time is sometimes available in the biography excerpt below.
Horoscopes having the same Big Three (Sun in Libra, Moon in Cancer, Ascendant in Capricorn) : Gwen Stefani, Paul von Hindenburg, Stéphane Ruffier, Marielle Goitschel, Charles Lapicque, John C. Giraudo, Sydney Chapman, Albert Falco, Ed Droste... List of all the celebrities having the same Big Three.
Horoscopes having the same aspect Moon sextile Saturn (orb 0°26'): Heath Ledger, Amy Winehouse, Paris Hilton, Kamala Harris, Mel Gibson, John Travolta, Sarah Jessica Parker, Yoko Ono, Edgar Cayce... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.
Horoscopes having the same aspect Uranus square Ascendant (orb 1°31'): Angelina Jolie, Brad Pitt, Christina Aguilera, Pamela Anderson, Cardi B, Jessica Alba, Tina Turner, Gordon Ramsay, Russell Brand... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.
Celebrities born the same day: Serena Williams, M Pokora, Olivia Newton-John, Russ (rapper), Christina Milian, Jim Caviezel, Marcello Mastroianni, Bryan Ferry, Martin Heidegger... List of all the celebrities born on September 26.
Horoscopes having the Moon in 22° Cancer : Mariah Carey, Penélope Cruz, Harrison Ford, Roman Polanski, Charlotte Gainsbourg, Charles Baudelaire, Julio Iglesias, Booba (rapper), Terence Hill... List of all the celebrities having the Moon in 22° Cancer.
* A planet less than 1° from the next House cusp is considered to be posited in the said House. 2° when the AS and the MC are involved
Charles Münch (September 26, 1891 (birth time source: Didier Geslain) – November 6, 1968) was a French conductor and violinist best known for leading the Boston Symphony Orchestra as its music director.
Biography
Münch was born in Straßburg, Germany, (now France, since 1919) He was the fifth in a family of six children. Although his first ambition was to be a locomotive engineer, he studied violin at the Strasbourg Conservatoire. His father, Ernest Münch, was a professor of organ at the Conservatoire and performed at the cathedral. His father also taught and directed an orchestra with his son in the second violins.
Disclaimer: these short excerpts of astrological charts are computer processed. They are, by no means, of a personal nature. This principle is valid for the celebrities included in our database. These texts provide the meanings of planets, or combination of planets, in signs and in houses, as well as the interpretations of planetary dominants in line with modern Western astrology rules. Moreover, since Astrotheme is not a polemic website, no negative aspect which may damage the good reputation of a celebrity is posted here, unlike in the comprehensive astrological portrait.
Here are some character traits from Charles Munch's birth chart. This description is far from being comprehensive but it can shed light on his/her personality, which is still interesting for professional astrologers or astrology lovers.
In a matter of minutes, you can get at your email address your astrological portrait (approximately 32 pages), a much more comprehensive report than this portrait of Charles Munch.
When interpreting a natal chart, the best method is to start gradually from general features to specific ones. Thus, there is usually a plan to be followed, from the overall analysis of the chart and its structure, to the description of its different character traits.
In the first part, an overall analysis of the chart enables us to figure out the personality's main features and to emphasize several points that are confirmed or not in the detailed analysis: in any case, those general traits are taken into account. Human personality is an infinitely intricate entity and describing it is a complex task. Claiming to rapidly summarize it is illusory, although it does not mean that it is an impossible challenge. It is essential to read a natal chart several times in order to absorb all its different meanings and to grasp all this complexity. But the exercise is worthwhile.
In brief, a natal chart is composed of ten planets: two luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, three fast-moving or individual planets, Mercury, Venus and Mars, two slow-moving planets, Jupiter and Saturn, and three very slow-moving planets, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Additional secondary elements are: the Lunar Nodes, the Dark Moon or Lilith, Chiron and other minor objects. They are all posited on the Zodiac wheel consisting of twelve signs, from Aries to Pisces, and divided into twelve astrological houses.
The first step is to evaluate the importance of each planet. This is what we call identifying the dominant planets. This process obeys rules that depend on the astrologer's sensitivity and experience but it also has precise and steady bases: thus, we can take into account the parameters of a planet's activity (the number of active aspects a planet forms, the importance of each aspect according to its nature and its exactness), angularity parameters; (proximity to the four angles, Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant and Imum Coeli or Nadir, all of them being evaluated numerically, according to the kind of angle and the planet-angle distance) and quality parameters (rulership, exaltation, exile and fall). Finally, other criteria such as the rulership of the Ascendant and the Midheaven etc. are important.
These different criteria allow a planet to be highlighted and lead to useful conclusions when interpreting the chart.
The overall chart analysis begins with the observation of three sorts of planetary distributions in the chart: Eastern or Western hemisphere, Northern or Southern hemisphere, and quadrants (North-eastern, North-western, South-eastern and South-western). These three distributions give a general tone in terms of introversion and extraversion, willpower, sociability, and behavioural predispositions.
Then, there are three additional distributions: elements (called triplicity since there are three groups of signs for each one) - Fire, Air, Earth and Water - corresponding to a character typology, modality (or quadruplicity with four groups of signs for each one) - Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable - and polarity (Yin and Yang).
There are three types of dominants: dominant planets, dominant signs and dominant houses. The novice thinks astrology means only "to be Aries" or sometimes, for example, "to be Aries Ascendant Virgo". It is actually far more complex. Although the Sun and the Ascendant alone may reveal a large part of the character - approximately a third or a half of your psychological signature, a person is neither "just the Sun" (called the sign) nor just "the first house" (the Ascendant). Thus, a particular planet's influence may be significantly increased; a particular sign or house may contain a group of planets that will bring nuances and sometimes weaken the role of the Ascendant, of the Sun sign etc.
Lastly, there are two other criteria: accentuations (angular, succedent and cadent) which are a classification of astrological houses and types of decanates that are occupied (each sign is divided into three decanates of ten degrees each). They provide some additional informations.
These general character traits must not be taken literally; they are, somehow, preparing for the chart reading. They allow to understand the second part of the analysis, which is more detailed and precise. It focuses on every area of the personality and provides a synthesis of all the above-mentioned parameters according to sound hierarchical rules.
Each quadrant is a combination of the four hemispheres of your birth chart and relates to a character typology. The Southern hemisphere – the top of your chart, around the Midheaven – is associated with extraversion, action, and public life, whereas the Northern hemisphere prompts to introversion, reflexion, and private life. The Eastern hemisphere – the left part, around the Ascendant – is linked to your ego and your willpower, whereas the Western hemisphere indicates how other people influence you, and how flexible you are when you make a decision.
Charles Munch, the diurnal South-western quadrant, consisting of the 7th, 8th and 9th houses, prevails in your chart: this sector brings about a thirst for communication and sometimes a need to take risks in your dealings with others. Relations are a factor of your evolution and your transformation, which you accept serenely. Indeed, what matters to you is the movement and the energy that link you to others and that make you gain more awareness. A kind of rebellion or a desire to get away from it all is rooted in you.
Charles Munch, here are the graphs of your Elements and Modes, based on planets' position and angles in the twelve signs:
Like the majority of Earth signs, Charles Munch, you are efficient, concrete and not too emotional. What matters to you is what you see: you judge the tree by its fruits. Your ideas keep changing, words disappear, but actions and their consequences are visible and remain. Express your sensitivity, even if it means revealing your vulnerability. Emotions, energy and communication must not be neglected; concrete action is meaningless if it is not justified by your heart, your intellect or your enthusiasm.
The predominance of Water signs indicates high sensitivity and elevation through feelings, Charles Munch. Your heart and your emotions are your driving forces, and you can't do anything on Earth if you don't feel a strong affective charge (as a matter of fact, the word "feeling" is essential in your psychology). You need to love in order to understand, and to feel in order to take action, which causes a certain vulnerability which you should fight against.
Fire's qualities are not very present in your chart, with only 0.00% instead of the average 25%, which means that you may lack warmth, enthusiasm, conquering spirit, or energy. You may look indifferent to others, with almost no desire, no joy of life or no enterprising ability. Actually, it is not true, but you should let go, force yourself to be more daring, and show your amazement as well as your vitality. You certainly have as much energy as others, you just need to release it, and it is up to you to display more of it, since it will be all to your benefit: shout, sing, pull faces, dance! That's the right mean for you... In the end, you'll never be accused of being sad, phlegmatic or a killjoy!
The twelve zodiacal signs are split up into three groups or modes, called quadruplicities, a learned word meaning only that these three groups include four signs. The Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable modes are more or less represented in your natal chart, depending on planets' positions and importance, and on angles in the twelve signs.
Charles Munch, the Cardinal mode is dominant here and indicates a predisposition to action, and more exactly, to impulsion and to undertake: you are very keen to implement the plans you have in mind, to get things going and to create them. This is the most important aspect that inspires enthusiasm and adrenalin in you, without which you can grow weary rapidly. You are individualistic (maybe too much?) and assertive. You let others strengthen and improve the constructions which you built with fervour.
Houses are split up into three groups: angular, succedent and cadent.
The first ones are the most important ones, the most "noticeable" and energetic houses. They are the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th houses. Their cuspides correspond to four famous angles: Ascendant for the 1st house, Imum Coeli for the 4th house, Descendant, opposite the Ascendant, for the 7th house and Midheaven for the 10th house, opposite the Imum Coeli.
Planets are evaluated according to a whole set of criteria that includes comprehensive Western astrology rules. At their turn, planets emphasize specific types of houses, signs, repartitions etc., as previously explained.
Your angular houses, namely, the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th houses, are very emphasized in your chart, Charles Munch: according to the Tradition, they are the strongest and most dynamic houses. Should the rest of your chart concur, angular houses suggest that you are an enterprising, energetic and assertive man. Indeed, angular houses are said to generate impulsions and to give a powerful and domineering personality.
Unusual fates are often linked to a predominance of angular houses, but this is only a partial indication...
N.B.: this dominant is a minor one.
The issue of dominant planets has existed since the mists of time in astrology: how nice it would be if a person could be described with a few words and one or several planets that would represent their character, without having to analyse such elements as rulerships, angularities, houses, etc!
The ten planets - the Sun throughout Pluto - are a bit like ten characters in a role-play, each one has its own personality, its own way of acting, its own strengths and weaknesses. They actually represent a classification into ten distinct personalities, and astrologers have always tried to associate one or several dominant planets to a natal chart as well as dominant signs and houses.
Indeed, it is quite the same situation with signs and houses. If planets symbolize characters, signs represent hues - the mental, emotional and physical structures of an individual. The sign in which a planet is posited is like a character whose features are modified according to the place where he lives. In a chart, there are usually one, two or three highlighted signs that allow to rapidly describe its owner.
Regarding astrological houses, the principle is even simpler: the twelve houses correspond to twelve fields of life, and planets tenanting any given house increase that house's importance and highlight all relevant life departments: it may be marriage, work, friendship etc.
In your natal chart, Charles Munch, the ten main planets are distributed as follows:
The three most important planets in your chart are the Moon, Pluto and Saturn.
The Moon is one of the most important planets in your chart and endows you with a receptive, emotive, and imaginative nature. You have an innate ability to instinctively absorb atmospheres and impressions that nurture you, and as a result, you are often dreaming your life away rather than actually living it.
One of the consequences of your spontaneity may turn into popularity, or even fame: the crowd is a living and complex entity, and it always appreciates truth and sincerity rather than calculation and total self-control.
As a Lunar character, you find it difficult to control yourself, you have to deal with your moods, and you must be careful not to stay passive in front of events: nothing is handed on a plate, and although your sensitivity is rich, even richer than most people's, you must make a move and spare some of your energy for... action!
With Pluto as a dominant planet in your chart, you are a magnetic and mighty predator, like the Scorpio sign ruled by this planet, who needs to exert pressure on others in order to "test" them. You are always ready to evolve, to risk destruction for reconstruction - including your own - to live more intensely whilst imposing your secret authority on things and on people you encounter.
You may come across as wicked, cruel or too authoritarian, but actually you only follow your instinct, you sound people out, and you like to exert your domination simply because your vital energy is too powerful to remain inside. You are inclined to be passionate, with hidden motivations. You are sometimes misunderstood but one of your great Plutonian assets is to go successfully through each life ordeal with ever growing strength.
Saturn is part of your dominant planets: among the facets of your character, you have a grave and serious side, wise and somewhat severe, since your concentration can be powerful, to the detriment of carelessness and friendliness.
You often look austere, but it is only an appearance, a kind of modesty or reserve; however, it is true that the Saturnian, who is fond of time, effort, asceticism, rigour and sobriety, may have popularity issues. Nevertheless, honesty and straightforwardness, reliability, as well as slow, wise and deep mental process, although not very popular and visible qualities, eventually become noticed and appreciated. Saturnians' second part of life is usually easier and more fulfilling.
Like the Jupiterian, your Saturnian facet prompts you to seek the essential, security, and longevity. However, the difference with the former is that you will never give priority to wealth or "the bigger, the better" philosophy for the sake of power. Saturn, like Jupiter, symbolizes social integration, and it is usually considered positive to have a harmonic Jupiter and Saturn in one's chart because of their social adaptation capacities.
Your vulnerability lies in your too serious and austere side, which may lead to unwanted loneliness and affective frustration. This generally does not last because Saturnians often hide deep down a golden heart that ends up revealing itself...
In your natal chart, the three most important signs - according to criteria mentioned above - are in decreasing order of strength Virgo, Libra and Cancer. In general, these signs are important because your Ascendant or your Sun is located there. But this is not always the case: there may be a cluster of planets, or a planet may be near an angle other than the Midheaven or Ascendant. It may also be because two or three planets are considered to be very active because they form numerous aspects from these signs.
Thus, you display some of the three signs' characteristics, a bit like a superposition of features on the rest of your chart, and it is all the more so if the sign is emphasized.
Virgo, associated with perfectionism, numbers and reason, is among your dominant signs: you inherit its sense of responsibility and tidiness, a clear mind, an unfailing logic, as well as a need to be useful and to fulfil your task to the best of your abilities. Obviously, people may think that you are too modest or reserved, suspicious or pessimistic because of your exceedingly critical mind, but aren't logic and wisdom great qualities? Of course, they are. Moreover, you keep your feet on the ground, you never behave irrationally and you are helpful and hardworking - what more can you ask for?!
With Libra as a dominant sign in your natal chart, you love to please, to charm, and to be likeable. Moreover, you are naturally inclined towards tolerance and moderation, as well as elegance and tact, as if you were meant to please! Of course, you always find malcontents who criticize your lack of authenticity or of courage and your half-heartedness, but your aim is to be liked, and in this field, you are an unrivalled champion!
Cancer is one of your dominant signs and endows you with imagination and exceptionally shrewd sensitivity. Although suspicious at first sight - and even at second...- as soon as you get familiar with people and let them win your confidence, your golden heart eventually shows up, despite your discretion and your desire for security that make you return into your shell at the slightest alert! Actually, you are a poet and if you are sometimes blamed for your nostalgia and your laziness, it is because your intense inner life is at full throttle...
The 8th, 7th and 6th houses are the most prominent ones in your birth chart. From the analysis of the most tenanted houses, the astrologer identifies your most significant fields or spheres of activity. They deal with what you are experiencing - or what you will be brought to experience one day - or they deal with your inner motivations.
Your 8th house is very highlighted: it is the most complex house of the Zodiac. It symbolizes above all passion and transformation, which often go hand in hand. Indeed, you have a tendency to experience everything to the bitter end, and you overstep propriety borders because you want to understand everything, even what is... forbidden. This house relates to complex spheres such as sexuality, possessions and dispossessions that don't depend on you (inheritances, donations, sudden financial losses), death too - not yours in particular, so, don't worry! - and understanding of hidden or occult things: here are the fields that affect you generally, because you are naturally interested in them or because life gets you involved in spite of yourself.
Your 7th house is one of your dominant houses: it symbolizes other people, marriages, associations, contracts, and partnerships. Your personal achievement and maybe your problems - depending on the rest of your chart - are mainly influenced by your rapports with others, the area in which you tend to commit yourself a lot. You appreciate communication, and you give importance to others' opinions. Success requires the support of others, which seems obvious and natural to you. Your marriage generally contributes to your fulfilment.
Your 6th house is quite emphasized and indicates interest in work and daily occupations that take up a lot of your time: in analogy with Virgo, this house inclines towards perfectionism and training; somehow, you may be fulfilled through the process of being useful and investing your energy in your work. An environment appealing to you may be involved - your colleagues, for example - or a passion for one of these daily occupations. Medical positions or pets may play a role in your life; or ancillary love affairs too... These are a few possibilities indicated by an important 6th house.
After this paragraph about dominant planets, of Charles Munch, here are the character traits that you must read more carefully than the previous texts since they are very specific: the texts about dominant planets only give background information about the personality and remain quite general: they emphasize or, on the contrary, mitigate different particularities or facets of a personality. A human being is a complex whole and only bodies of texts can attempt to successfully figure out all the finer points.
Affectivité et intuition étant chez vous très développées, vous êtes Charles Munch, très sensible à votre environnement. Vous "ressentez" les ambiances, les humeurs et les sentiments d'autrui et lorsque vous captez des influences négatives vous en éprouvez une sorte de malaise qui affecte immédiatement tout votre être, d'autant plus facilement que votre vive imagination risque de vous déstabiliser encore plus en amplifiant votre réceptivité. De nature anxieuse, vous vous inquiétez facilement pour votre entourage et vous efforcez de créer pour eux une atmosphère familiale rassurante, une sorte de bulle où vous trouverez aussi le réconfort chaleureux qui vous est si nécessaire et où vous pourrez paresser à loisir. Mais à trop vous préoccuper du bien-être de vos proches, il se peut que l'on vous reproche d'être trop envahissant et de tenter parfois, par un subtil chantage affectif, de régenter leur vie. Faites-leur confiance... et apprenez vous aussi à vous faire davantage confiance !
Charles Munch, vous êtes bien souvent populaire dans votre environnement quotidien de travail, parfois même un peu la vedette de vos collègues de travail. Ou, si ce n'est pas le cas, il est clair que vous avez tendance à réagir émotionnellement très vite et très fort pour... (excerpt)
Vous avez Charles Munch une grande aptitude à la logique et à l'analyse ainsi qu'une manière objective et critique de juger chaque aspect d'une situation. Appliqué, méthodique, ayant le sens du détail et doté d'une grande énergie nerveuse, vous pouvez tout à fait passer du temps à la réalisation de travaux intellectuels laborieux et minutieux. Bien que possédant une certaine facilité à vous exprimer, vous ne cherchez pas vraiment à vous mettre en avant et préférez souvent collaborer plutôt que prendre des initiatives : vous vous sentez moins anxieux quand vous savez exactement ce que l'on attend de vous et ce que vous avez à faire. Vous abordez tout avec rationalisme et éprouvez de la méfiance devant l'imagination et l'intuition. Amoureux des lettres autant que des chiffres, votre humour mordant risque parfois de déstabiliser votre entourage qui vous préférerait peut-être un peu moins exigeant et un peu plus démonstratif. Dites-vous bien que l'on ne peut pas toujours tout maîtriser...
La communication avec autrui est votre point fort, Charles Munch : toute votre intelligence va pouvoir être utilisée pour arriver à des accords, compromis, ou contrats. Vous êtes un négociateur né, du moins vous essayez de l'être car mentalement, vous avez du mal à penser en terme... (excerpt)
Dans votre thème, le Soleil et Vénus sont tous deux en Balance. La tradition souligne la sociabilité de votre Signe et une faculté d'adaptation hors pair. Sensible au regard de l'autre, il vous faut le plus souvent séduire sans heurter, vous faire remarquer sans vous marginaliser. Enthousiaste et ouvert à priori aux sollicitations du milieu dans lequel vous évoluez, vous résistez peu aux courants ambiants. Mieux vaut pour vous choisir d'emblée l'alliance des points de vue opposés. Vous ne serez que rarement sur la défensive, particulièrement sur le plan affectif. Et ce n'est que lorsque vos consentements vous auront conduit à d'inextricables contradictions que vous opterez pour une solution radicale. Ainsi, vos comportements peuvent dérouter votre entourage : les adhésions inconditionnelles d'hier deviennent refus systématique. Ce peut être une relation de couple sur laquelle repose totalement votre existence. Et qui soudain devient invivable tant se sont accumulés les compromis. Il vous faudra sans doute, en maintes circonstances, lutter contre un indéniable penchant pour les accommodements intenables à long terme. Les qualités de votre Signe solaire et vénusien s'exprimeront alors pleinement : apte à comprendre, voire intégrer, les raisons de vivre de l'autre, vous saurez adapter vos attitudes aux impératifs d'une vie commune dans laquelle s'expriment des valeurs divergentes. Un tableau idyllique, pour peu qu'on ne cesse jamais de vous montrer l'estime dont vous avez besoin.
Charles Munch, vous ne pouvez le cacher à personne : aimer, être aimé, plaire, tout cela est le centre de votre vie. Vous êtes toujours à la recherche de compagnie, et si possible d'une compagnie amoureuse car la solitude est une situation dont vous avez vraiment horreur. Ce n'est pas pour autant que la passion vous envahit à tout bout de champ : vous êtes plutôt tout en raffinement, en délicatesse et en charme, et vous savez fort bien utiliser les usages et les coutumes avec mesure et équilibre, ne perdant jamais de vue votre intérêt personnel, prêt en toute circonstance à vous adapter et à faire des concessions. Aimer tout en vivant parfaitement intégré dans la société : l'amour passe en quelque sorte après la bienséance qui est fondamentale pour vous. Vous êtes particulièrement doué pour tout ce jeu de courtoisie et de politesse raffinée où l'apparence compte au moins autant que le contenu ; c'est d'ailleurs l'un de vos grands atouts de savoir montrer ce que vous avez envie de montrer et d'arriver à vos fins avec élégance, douceur et bonté.
Au moment où vous tombez amoureux, Charles Munch, vos sentiments prennent tout de suite une intensité considérable et vous emportent vite sur le terrain de la passion. Vous n'êtes pas un tiède sur le plan amoureux : vous aimez très fort ou pas du tout, et la... (excerpt)
The ruler of the Ascendant, also referred to as the chart ruler, brings a few interesting nuances to the meanings provided by the Sun and the Ascendant. The sign in which the ruler of the Ascendant is posited fine-tunes the style of personality described by the Sun and the Ascendant. It may strengthen it if the sign is identical to either of them.
The ruler of the Ascendant, Charles Munch, is Saturn. In the sign of Virgo, it turns you into a cautious and rational person, sometimes to the detriment of your feelings. You like to improve yourself, and you pay a great deal of attention to details. You respect the rules, and you appreciate well-done work. However, you may lack self-confidence or you may hesitate, perhaps because you hate to make mistakes, since you believe that truth is a major quality.
Une chose est certaine, Charles Munch, vos motivations ne peuvent être facilement cernées tant cette configuration est un petit peu à part et plutôt compliquée. Tout ce qui est du domaine des émotions est amplifié pour vous, vous avez tendance à mettre de la passion dans presque... (excerpt)
Charles Munch, vous savez à merveille utiliser votre énergie telle une flèche qui atteint sa cible avec précision : vous avez un oeil de lynx et l'acuité de votre esprit vous porte à agir avec méticulosité et efficacité. Comme un chirurgien avec son scalpel, vous savez exactement ce que vous souhaitez faire et vous faites évidemment partie des spécialistes et non des généralistes. Critique, pointilleux, extrêmement organisé, vous aimez prévoir et analyser, préférez maîtriser trop votre sujet que pas assez, même si vous devez y mettre le prix d'un effort soutenu et durable. Sexuellement, vous gardez un certain souci maniaque de la propreté et êtes souvent prédisposé à certains fantasmes de type fétichiste. Votre vie amoureuse se passe généralement très bien si vous évitez les imprévus dont vous avez horreur.
Vous avez tendance à concevoir toute relation avec autrui comme un petit peu un duel où l'un des deux doit nécessairement prendre l'ascendant sur l'autre, Charles Munch. C'est un peu gênant forcément dans certains cas… mais cela vous donne souvent satisfaction car naturellement, cette façon de vivre... (excerpt)
This text is only an excerpt from the portrait of of Charles Munch, which we hope will inspire you to deepen your knowledge of astrology.
Regarding the sources of the birth data in our possession, kindly note that the pages we publish constitute a starting point for more detailed research, even though they seem useful to us. When the sources are contradictory, which occurs rarely, after having analysed them, we choose the most reliable one. Sometimes, we publish a birth date just because it is made available, but we do not claim that is it the best one, by no means.