You will find below the horoscope of Denis Savignat with his interactive chart, an excerpt of his astrological portrait and his planetary dominants.
Additional information on the source of the birth time is sometimes available in the biography excerpt below.
Horoscopes having the same Big Three (Sun in Taurus, Moon in Aquarius, Ascendant in Scorpio) : Vladimir Lenin, Estelle Lefébure, Anne Baxter, Claire Legendre, Marco Ferreri, Aldo Montano, Pierre-Emmanuel Taittinger, Francis Vercamer, Angie Griffin... List of all the celebrities having the same Big Three.
Horoscopes having the same aspect Sun square Moon (orb 0°56'): Ariana Grande, Kanye West, Natalie Portman, Henry Cavill, Warren Buffett, Reese Witherspoon, Isabelle Adjani, River Phoenix, Taylor Lautner... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.
Horoscopes having the same aspect Jupiter sextile Ascendant (orb 1°45'): Steve Jobs, Megan Fox, Uma Thurman, Halle Berry, Charlie Chaplin, Nicole Scherzinger, Dave Gahan, Daniel Craig, Margaret Thatcher... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.
Celebrities born the same day: Christina Hendricks, James Brown, Bing Crosby, Yves Simon, Sugar Ray Robinson, Jean Lassalle, Rebecca Hall, Damon Dash, Georges Moustaki... List of all the celebrities born on May 3.
Horoscopes having the Moon in 13° Aquarius : Billie Eilish, Henry Cavill, Nolwenn Leroy, Princess Stéphanie of Monaco, Sasha Grey, Neil Young, Noah Centineo, Ophélie Winter, Donald Sutherland... List of all the celebrities having the Moon in 13° Aquarius.
* A planet less than 1° from the next House cusp is considered to be posited in the said House. 2° when the AS and the MC are involved
Denis Savignat, born on May 3, 1937 in Vanves, Seine (birth certificate n° 35, Astrotheme), died on October 5, 1998 in Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine (cancer), was a French comedian and actor.
Filmography (extract)
Cinema
1966 : Soleil noir
1968 : Caroline chérie de Richard Pottier
1970 : Trop petit mon ami d'Eddy Matalon
1977 : La famille Cigale
1975 : C'est bon pour la santé
1978 : Le Seigneur des anneaux - doublage de la voix d'Elrond
1984 : Comme tu veux, mon chéri
Television
1968 : L'Homme de l'ombre de Guy Jorré, épisode : Le révolté
Disclaimer: these short excerpts of astrological charts are computer processed. They are, by no means, of a personal nature. This principle is valid for the celebrities included in our database. These texts provide the meanings of planets, or combination of planets, in signs and in houses, as well as the interpretations of planetary dominants in line with modern Western astrology rules. Moreover, since Astrotheme is not a polemic website, no negative aspect which may damage the good reputation of a celebrity is posted here, unlike in the comprehensive astrological portrait.
Here are some character traits from Denis Savignat's birth chart. This description is far from being comprehensive but it can shed light on his/her personality, which is still interesting for professional astrologers or astrology lovers.
In a matter of minutes, you can get at your email address your astrological portrait (approximately 32 pages), a much more comprehensive report than this portrait of Denis Savignat.
When interpreting a natal chart, the best method is to start gradually from general features to specific ones. Thus, there is usually a plan to be followed, from the overall analysis of the chart and its structure, to the description of its different character traits.
In the first part, an overall analysis of the chart enables us to figure out the personality's main features and to emphasize several points that are confirmed or not in the detailed analysis: in any case, those general traits are taken into account. Human personality is an infinitely intricate entity and describing it is a complex task. Claiming to rapidly summarize it is illusory, although it does not mean that it is an impossible challenge. It is essential to read a natal chart several times in order to absorb all its different meanings and to grasp all this complexity. But the exercise is worthwhile.
In brief, a natal chart is composed of ten planets: two luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, three fast-moving or individual planets, Mercury, Venus and Mars, two slow-moving planets, Jupiter and Saturn, and three very slow-moving planets, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Additional secondary elements are: the Lunar Nodes, the Dark Moon or Lilith, Chiron and other minor objects. They are all posited on the Zodiac wheel consisting of twelve signs, from Aries to Pisces, and divided into twelve astrological houses.
The first step is to evaluate the importance of each planet. This is what we call identifying the dominant planets. This process obeys rules that depend on the astrologer's sensitivity and experience but it also has precise and steady bases: thus, we can take into account the parameters of a planet's activity (the number of active aspects a planet forms, the importance of each aspect according to its nature and its exactness), angularity parameters; (proximity to the four angles, Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant and Imum Coeli or Nadir, all of them being evaluated numerically, according to the kind of angle and the planet-angle distance) and quality parameters (rulership, exaltation, exile and fall). Finally, other criteria such as the rulership of the Ascendant and the Midheaven etc. are important.
These different criteria allow a planet to be highlighted and lead to useful conclusions when interpreting the chart.
The overall chart analysis begins with the observation of three sorts of planetary distributions in the chart: Eastern or Western hemisphere, Northern or Southern hemisphere, and quadrants (North-eastern, North-western, South-eastern and South-western). These three distributions give a general tone in terms of introversion and extraversion, willpower, sociability, and behavioural predispositions.
Then, there are three additional distributions: elements (called triplicity since there are three groups of signs for each one) - Fire, Air, Earth and Water - corresponding to a character typology, modality (or quadruplicity with four groups of signs for each one) - Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable - and polarity (Yin and Yang).
There are three types of dominants: dominant planets, dominant signs and dominant houses. The novice thinks astrology means only "to be Aries" or sometimes, for example, "to be Aries Ascendant Virgo". It is actually far more complex. Although the Sun and the Ascendant alone may reveal a large part of the character - approximately a third or a half of your psychological signature, a person is neither "just the Sun" (called the sign) nor just "the first house" (the Ascendant). Thus, a particular planet's influence may be significantly increased; a particular sign or house may contain a group of planets that will bring nuances and sometimes weaken the role of the Ascendant, of the Sun sign etc.
Lastly, there are two other criteria: accentuations (angular, succedent and cadent) which are a classification of astrological houses and types of decanates that are occupied (each sign is divided into three decanates of ten degrees each). They provide some additional informations.
These general character traits must not be taken literally; they are, somehow, preparing for the chart reading. They allow to understand the second part of the analysis, which is more detailed and precise. It focuses on every area of the personality and provides a synthesis of all the above-mentioned parameters according to sound hierarchical rules.
Each quadrant is a combination of the four hemispheres of your birth chart and relates to a character typology. The Southern hemisphere – the top of your chart, around the Midheaven – is associated with extraversion, action, and public life, whereas the Northern hemisphere prompts to introversion, reflexion, and private life. The Eastern hemisphere – the left part, around the Ascendant – is linked to your ego and your willpower, whereas the Western hemisphere indicates how other people influence you, and how flexible you are when you make a decision.
Denis Savignat, the nocturnal North-western quadrant, consisting of the 4th, 5th and 6th houses, prevails in your chart: this sector favours creativity, conception and some sort of specialization or training, with helpfulness and relations as strong components. You need others' cooperation in order to work properly, although you are not very expansive: creating, innovating and thinking are what matter most to you because this self-expression enriches you and totally satisfies you.
Denis Savignat, here are the graphs of your Elements and Modes, based on planets' position and angles in the twelve signs:
Like the majority of Earth signs, Denis Savignat, you are efficient, concrete and not too emotional. What matters to you is what you see: you judge the tree by its fruits. Your ideas keep changing, words disappear, but actions and their consequences are visible and remain. Express your sensitivity, even if it means revealing your vulnerability. Emotions, energy and communication must not be neglected; concrete action is meaningless if it is not justified by your heart, your intellect or your enthusiasm.
The predominance of Water signs indicates high sensitivity and elevation through feelings, Denis Savignat. Your heart and your emotions are your driving forces, and you can't do anything on Earth if you don't feel a strong affective charge (as a matter of fact, the word "feeling" is essential in your psychology). You need to love in order to understand, and to feel in order to take action, which causes a certain vulnerability which you should fight against.
Air is under-represented in your natal chart, with only 8.85% instead of the average 25%. Air symbolizes the values of communication, exchanges with others, but also adaptability and flexibility abilities: if you don't get out of your cocoon to talk, to show interest in others, and to socialize, you may have problems understanding others. Because of your lack of flexibility or of your refusal to adapt yourself, you may be suddenly overwhelmed by events. You should get into the habit of talking, of phoning, and of thinking in terms of "mobility, flexibility, adaptability, change" in every circumstance. It will spare you so many troubles!
The twelve zodiacal signs are split up into three groups or modes, called quadruplicities, a learned word meaning only that these three groups include four signs. The Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable modes are more or less represented in your natal chart, depending on planets' positions and importance, and on angles in the twelve signs.
The Fixed mode corresponds to a majority of elements in your chart, Denis Savignat, and represents the desire for security and durability: you are able to concretely appreciate a situation and its stability. You definitely prefer to play the role of a loyal, obstinate and hard-working person, rather than to try new and risky experiences - beware, however, not to confuse obstinacy with intransigence. You structure, cement, and strengthen everything you find on your way: it is your nature, although you are not especially interested in swiftness: slow and steady...
Houses are split up into three groups: angular, succedent and cadent.
The first ones are the most important ones, the most "noticeable" and energetic houses. They are the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th houses. Their cuspides correspond to four famous angles: Ascendant for the 1st house, Imum Coeli for the 4th house, Descendant, opposite the Ascendant, for the 7th house and Midheaven for the 10th house, opposite the Imum Coeli.
Planets are evaluated according to a whole set of criteria that includes comprehensive Western astrology rules. At their turn, planets emphasize specific types of houses, signs, repartitions etc., as previously explained.
Cadent houses, namely the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th houses, are very emphasized in your chart, Denis Savignat. They indicate important potential for communication, adaptability and flexibility. These houses are symbolically linked to the mind and intellect. The relative weakness implied by these characteristics indicates your tendency to hesitate or to be indecisive, but also your remarkable ability to start off again, which is a nice quality, finally: you can easily get yourself out of a tight spot thanks to your mobility and casualness, in the best sense of the term. This group of houses corresponds to evolutionary characteristics of your personality. However, they are only indications and you must include them in the rest of your chart in order to see whether they are validated or not!
N.B.: this dominant is a minor one.
The issue of dominant planets has existed since the mists of time in astrology: how nice it would be if a person could be described with a few words and one or several planets that would represent their character, without having to analyse such elements as rulerships, angularities, houses, etc!
The ten planets - the Sun throughout Pluto - are a bit like ten characters in a role-play, each one has its own personality, its own way of acting, its own strengths and weaknesses. They actually represent a classification into ten distinct personalities, and astrologers have always tried to associate one or several dominant planets to a natal chart as well as dominant signs and houses.
Indeed, it is quite the same situation with signs and houses. If planets symbolize characters, signs represent hues - the mental, emotional and physical structures of an individual. The sign in which a planet is posited is like a character whose features are modified according to the place where he lives. In a chart, there are usually one, two or three highlighted signs that allow to rapidly describe its owner.
Regarding astrological houses, the principle is even simpler: the twelve houses correspond to twelve fields of life, and planets tenanting any given house increase that house's importance and highlight all relevant life departments: it may be marriage, work, friendship etc.
In your natal chart, Denis Savignat, the ten main planets are distributed as follows:
The three most important planets in your chart are Mercury, Mars and Pluto.
With Mercury among your dominant planets, you are certainly cerebral, nervous, swift, curious, quick-witted, and you love to communicate. Your psychological pattern is intellectual, all the more so since Mercury is important, with its whole set of assets but also of weaknesses, obviously.
Your sensitivity, emotions, and heart's impulses give precedence to thinking, which can lead people to believe that you are a playful and witty but heartless person, intellectualizing situations and juggling with words and numbers whilst ignoring human aspects of things. Of course, it is said that cats always land on their feet - this is your Mercurian strength and your trump card!
Your weakness lies in your nervousness, and you may miss your goal because of your "over-intellectualization" that may be detrimental to other kind of energies such as instinct, spontaneity, heart, sensitivity, etc.
Mars is one of your dominant planets and provides you with its efficient energy and enthusiasm: with a powerful Mars in your chart, action - but also will and ability to undertake - is not an empty word for you. You are active, dynamic, willing to fight, courageous, and you are never afraid to move mountains, even though risks are part of the adventures that you start with determination.
However, your patience is not always up to your boldness and a kind of feverishness, or even anger, can tarnish the quality of your achievements. That would be a pity since the Marsian is a champion in matters of efficiency! Mars symbolizes display of action, conquering spirit that favours discipline and order - beware of not being fussy - and lies at the frontier between action and brutality, between conquest and potential aggressiveness.
With Pluto as a dominant planet in your chart, you are a magnetic and mighty predator, like the Scorpio sign ruled by this planet, who needs to exert pressure on others in order to "test" them. You are always ready to evolve, to risk destruction for reconstruction - including your own - to live more intensely whilst imposing your secret authority on things and on people you encounter.
You may come across as wicked, cruel or too authoritarian, but actually you only follow your instinct, you sound people out, and you like to exert your domination simply because your vital energy is too powerful to remain inside. You are inclined to be passionate, with hidden motivations. You are sometimes misunderstood but one of your great Plutonian assets is to go successfully through each life ordeal with ever growing strength.
In your natal chart, the three most important signs - according to criteria mentioned above - are in decreasing order of strength Taurus, Virgo and Scorpio. In general, these signs are important because your Ascendant or your Sun is located there. But this is not always the case: there may be a cluster of planets, or a planet may be near an angle other than the Midheaven or Ascendant. It may also be because two or three planets are considered to be very active because they form numerous aspects from these signs.
Thus, you display some of the three signs' characteristics, a bit like a superposition of features on the rest of your chart, and it is all the more so if the sign is emphasized.
With the Taurus sign so important in your chart, you are constructive, stable, and sensual. Good taste, sense of beauty, manners, and unfailing good sense - all these qualities contribute to your charm and seductive power. Furthermore, if some people criticize your slow pace and your stubbornness, you rightly reply that this is the price for your security, and that you like the way it is - slow and steady....
Virgo, associated with perfectionism, numbers and reason, is among your dominant signs: you inherit its sense of responsibility and tidiness, a clear mind, an unfailing logic, as well as a need to be useful and to fulfil your task to the best of your abilities. Obviously, people may think that you are too modest or reserved, suspicious or pessimistic because of your exceedingly critical mind, but aren't logic and wisdom great qualities? Of course, they are. Moreover, you keep your feet on the ground, you never behave irrationally and you are helpful and hardworking - what more can you ask for?!
With Scorpio as a dominant sign, you are a strong and astute person, complicated and passionate, sometimes destructive and intolerant, but strong-willed, tough and daring, sometimes bordering on aggressive. So many qualities and dangers combined in one person! Obviously, this often results in a natural selection of people around you: those who stand up to you or admire you and those who can't bear you anymore! But that is precisely what you want. You are what you are and you are not going to transform yourself just to please. You are too proud and you never dread confrontations, although your way of fighting is secret, like your nature that, mysteriously enough, you are so reluctant to reveal even to your close friends who will never understand you. That said... what a hellish charm you have!
The 6th, 1st and 8th houses are the most prominent ones in your birth chart. From the analysis of the most tenanted houses, the astrologer identifies your most significant fields or spheres of activity. They deal with what you are experiencing - or what you will be brought to experience one day - or they deal with your inner motivations.
Your 6th house is quite emphasized and indicates interest in work and daily occupations that take up a lot of your time: in analogy with Virgo, this house inclines towards perfectionism and training; somehow, you may be fulfilled through the process of being useful and investing your energy in your work. An environment appealing to you may be involved - your colleagues, for example - or a passion for one of these daily occupations. Medical positions or pets may play a role in your life; or ancillary love affairs too... These are a few possibilities indicated by an important 6th house.
With a dominant 1st house, your magnetism is powerful, and your individuality as well as your willpower are out of the ordinary. You are a determined, strong-willed, and assertive person, with this relative criterion at least.
It is likely that you never go unnoticed when you are in a crowd or a in reunion: an important 1st house suggests that you are a charismatic person with above average vital energy, especially if the Sun is present in this sector.
Your personal interests are always important and you never forget them, which doesn't mean that you are self-centered, but only that you behave according to what is in harmony with your deep nature!
Your 8th house is very highlighted: it is the most complex house of the Zodiac. It symbolizes above all passion and transformation, which often go hand in hand. Indeed, you have a tendency to experience everything to the bitter end, and you overstep propriety borders because you want to understand everything, even what is... forbidden. This house relates to complex spheres such as sexuality, possessions and dispossessions that don't depend on you (inheritances, donations, sudden financial losses), death too - not yours in particular, so, don't worry! - and understanding of hidden or occult things: here are the fields that affect you generally, because you are naturally interested in them or because life gets you involved in spite of yourself.
After this paragraph about dominant planets, of Denis Savignat, here are the character traits that you must read more carefully than the previous texts since they are very specific: the texts about dominant planets only give background information about the personality and remain quite general: they emphasize or, on the contrary, mitigate different particularities or facets of a personality. A human being is a complex whole and only bodies of texts can attempt to successfully figure out all the finer points.
Votre sensibilité Denis Savignat, est assez dénuée d'emportements ou de laisser-aller ; en effet, vous êtes plutôt du genre cérébral et de plus, vos besoins de sérénité intérieure et de liberté vous font ressentir les sentiments ou émotions comme des fardeaux. Assez flegmatique en apparence et presque détaché, vous êtes cependant d'une réactivité très rapide et d'une imagination fertile ce qui fait que vous appréciez particulièrement les réunions amicales où les échanges sont nombreux et variés. Vous ne faites pas étalage de vos émotions et semblez plutôt froid au premier abord mais ceux qui vous connaissent s'aperçoivent facilement que vous avez un sens de l'humour très original et bien à vous. Vous êtes d'une réceptivité remarquable et utilisez à merveille vos dons d'observation et votre détachement pour défendre vos idées anticonformistes et rebelles. Votre obstination n'est plus à démontrer et il est très difficile de vous faire changer d'avis, d'autant plus que vous n'êtes pas trop vulnérable affectivement : il faudra argumenter un maximum et atteindre votre intellect pour réussir...
Vif, parfois même agité, Denis Savignat, vos pensées sont vagabondes, fluctuantes et fécondes : vous vous intéressez à beaucoup de choses, et cet aspect touche-à-tout fait sans doute partie de votre charme naturel, même s'il peut être au détriment d'une certaine capacité à vous concentrer longtemps et... (excerpt)
Votre esprit est calme et pondéré ; même si vous assimilez lentement les choses, votre mémoire est considérable. Votre jugement est basé sur la réflexion et la raison et s'appuie toujours sur l'expérience. Vous êtes, Denis Savignat, un bon conseiller, quelqu'un sur qui l'on peut compter et à qui l'on peut se confier en toute discrétion. Plein de bon sens, prudent, méthodique et discipliné, vous pouvez mener à bien des projets constructifs, d'autant que vous serez souvent très déterminé dans vos opinions et vos actions. Mais une certaine tendance à l'intolérance et aux idées préconçues risque parfois de choquer votre entourage qui aimerait vous voir faire preuve de plus de souplesse au lieu de refuser en bloc tout ce qui n'est pas immédiatement vérifiable. Vous vous exprimez généralement avec beaucoup de charme et cela vous permet certainement de mieux faire accepter à autrui vos habitudes bien établies.
Donner le maximum de votre puissance intellectuelle, c'est pour vous naturellement dans le travail que vous pouvez le faire, Denis Savignat. A quoi bon se décarcasser la cervelle si ce n'est pour être utile professionnellement, grimper les échelons, être reconnu par ses collègues de travail et se... (excerpt)
Dans votre thème, le Soleil est en Taureau, Vénus en Bélier. A la spontanéité candide d'une Vénus Bélier s'oppose ici le scepticisme constructif d'un Soleil Taureau. Sur le plan affectif, vous vous montrez sensible à l'inédit, à la sensation émouvante d'une première rencontre. On peut parler d'une soif intarissable d'expérience, d'un désir de préserver le caractère naturel (ou irréfléchi) d'une relation naissante. A cet engouement instantané s'oppose le souci premier du Taureau : prendre le temps de vivre, le temps d'un épanouissement jamais immédiat. Les risques d'un tel duo zodiacal découlent de ces contradictions : les emballements intempestifs d'un coeur de Bélier dérangent le bien-être taurien. Ou, à l'inverse, on cherche à préserver à tout prix (Soleil Taureau) un amour éteint. Et si la flamme des premiers jours ne demande qu'à se réveiller, reste la volonté taurienne de se prémunir contre toute mutation incertaine, désir allant à l'encontre de la soif d'émotion vénusienne. Le Taureau freine le Bélier. Ou l'équilibre ! Car c'est sans doute la force d'une telle configuration que d'offrir un savant - et délicat - équilibre entre instinct de conservation et désir de vivre intensément. Bien intégré, un type Bélier-Taureau permet sans rupture - mais pas sans heurt ni émotion - d'alimenter encore et toujours une relation par ailleurs nourrie d'une vitalité hors du commun.
Coup de foudre, feu de paille, impulsivité amoureuse ? Tout cela représente votre façon d'aimer Denis Savignat, ou plutôt de tomber amoureux et de garder tout au long de votre relation cette sorte de ressenti saccadé et vif qui peut paraître parfois un peu infantile ou en tout cas naïf mais si généreux et gai ! Vous êtes indéniablement possessif et peu soucieux de ce que pense votre partenaire, mais heureusement, votre spontanéité et votre authenticité permettent facilement de vous faire pardonner. Quand l'intensité est là, tout va bien. Pas de romantisme ni de prise de tête avec vous, vous aimez avec ardeur et le seul risque pour votre couple, en dehors de quelques emballements - ou plutôt d'occasions et d'herbe tendre prises ici ou là - est que l'ennui s'installe et si c'est le cas, vous partirez sans le moindre regret et oublierez aussi vite ce qui vous consumait il y a peu de temps.
Denis Savignat, avec une affinité certaine entre maison et planète, votre Vénus se trouve ici très à l'aise pour donner le meilleur d'elle-même en terme de puissance des sentiments, création artistique, goût pour les loisirs, activités récréatives, dons pour les arts plastiques ou la musique et même... (excerpt)
The ruler of the Ascendant, also referred to as the chart ruler, brings a few interesting nuances to the meanings provided by the Sun and the Ascendant. The sign in which the ruler of the Ascendant is posited fine-tunes the style of personality described by the Sun and the Ascendant. It may strengthen it if the sign is identical to either of them.
The ruler of the Ascendant, Denis Savignat, is Pluto. In the sign of Cancer, it enables you to grasp the surrounding ambience and impressions as if you were an emotional radar. Therefore, you may shift from enthusiasm to boredom or rejection, should you subtly sense that you are appreciated or spurned, even though your feelings are unfounded.
Vous êtes un perfectionniste, Denis Savignat, quelqu'un dont le souci permanent demeure de s'améliorer en toutes choses, accumuler des connaissances, devenir utile au meilleur de ses performances et de ses compétences. Le travail pour vous est un domaine important et en général contrairement à d'autres, vous... (excerpt)
Denis Savignat, vous êtes une force de la nature et vous excellez souvent sur le plan sportif ; vous avez soif de conquêtes et vous vous lancez des défis de façon presque permanente. L'enthousiasme dont vous faites preuve dans toutes vos entreprises est parfaitement soutenu par vos conceptions morales et un idéalisme compatible avec les valeurs de la société dans laquelle vous vivez. Pragmatique, entreprenant mais parfois un peu naïf, vous ne vous souciez guère des détails et vous lancez dans de grands projets variés et aventureux où vous avez toutes les chances de parvenir à vos objectifs. Dans certains cas plus rares, vous pouvez canaliser votre grande énergie vers des voies plus philosophiques voire même spirituelles ou religieuses où toute votre fougue fera également merveille. Sur le plan sexuel, votre ardeur et votre spontanéité font merveille et le danger réside peut-être dans une certaine dispersion dans la mesure où vous pouvez oublier un peu toute notion de fidélité, notamment au cours de vos nombreux voyages lointains dont vous êtes si friand.
Vous êtes une personne active par nature, Denis Savignat. C'est la seule position de Mars qui finalement ne vous oriente pas en particulier vers tel ou tel domaine de la vie mais c'est aussi peut-être la plus forte, puisque votre personnalité est justement par cette caractéristique combative,... (excerpt)
This text is only an excerpt from the portrait of of Denis Savignat, which we hope will inspire you to deepen your knowledge of astrology.
Regarding the sources of the birth data in our possession, kindly note that the pages we publish constitute a starting point for more detailed research, even though they seem useful to us. When the sources are contradictory, which occurs rarely, after having analysed them, we choose the most reliable one. Sometimes, we publish a birth date just because it is made available, but we do not claim that is it the best one, by no means.