You will find below the horoscope of Toni Collette with her interactive chart, an excerpt of her astrological portrait and her planetary dominants.
Additional information on the source of the birth time is sometimes available in the biography excerpt below.
Horoscopes having the same Big Three (Sun in Scorpio, Moon in Virgo, Ascendant in Capricorn) : Lorde, Pierre Bergé, Jack Welch, Heather Matarazzo, Alfred Heineken, Sylvie Denis, Anthony Ramos (actor), Gerhart Hauptmann, Marcel Bozzuffi... List of all the celebrities having the same Big Three.
Horoscopes having the same aspect Mars conjunction Uranus (orb 0°13'): Johnny Depp, Rihanna, Robin Williams, Robert Downey Jr., Françoise Hardy, Sarah Jessica Parker, Vincent Cassel, Ava Gardner, Usher (entertainer)... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.
Horoscopes having the same aspect Mars trine Saturn (orb 0°21'): Marilyn Monroe, Natalie Portman, Jennifer Lawrence, Leonardo da Vinci, David Beckham, Gwen Stefani, Coluche, Matt Damon, Denzel Washington... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.
Celebrities born the same day: Aishwarya Rai, Lil Peep, Anthony Kiedis, Penn Badgley, Fabrice Luchini, Jenny McCarthy, Jacques Attali, Manju Warrier, Bernard Kouchner... List of all the celebrities born on November 1.
Horoscopes having the Moon in 12° Virgo : Sharon Tate, Blake Lively, Michael Fassbender, Courteney Cox, Johnny Knoxville, Suho (Exo-K), Corinne Touzet, Sara Gilbert, Yukio Mishima... List of all the celebrities having the Moon in 12° Virgo.
* A planet less than 1° from the next House cusp is considered to be posited in the said House. 2° when the AS and the MC are involved
Toni Collette (born November 1, 1972) is an Academy Award-nominated Australian actress and musician. She is perhaps best known for her roles in the films The Sixth Sense, Muriel's Wedding, In Her Shoes and Little Miss Sunshine.
Early life
Collette was born Antonia Collette in Blacktown, Sydney, New South Wales to Bob Collette, a truck driver, and Judy, a customer-service representative. She has two younger brothers, Ben and Christopher. When Collette was eleven years old she faked appendicitis out of boredom and longing for attention. She was so convincing that doctors removed her appendix, even though tests showed nothing wrong with it. She attended both the Australian Theatre for Young People and NIDA.
Disclaimer: these short excerpts of astrological charts are computer processed. They are, by no means, of a personal nature. This principle is valid for the celebrities included in our database. These texts provide the meanings of planets, or combination of planets, in signs and in houses, as well as the interpretations of planetary dominants in line with modern Western astrology rules. Moreover, since Astrotheme is not a polemic website, no negative aspect which may damage the good reputation of a celebrity is posted here, unlike in the comprehensive astrological portrait.
Here are some character traits from Toni Collette's birth chart. This description is far from being comprehensive but it can shed light on his/her personality, which is still interesting for professional astrologers or astrology lovers.
In a matter of minutes, you can get at your email address your astrological portrait (approximately 32 pages), a much more comprehensive report than this portrait of Toni Collette.
When interpreting a natal chart, the best method is to start gradually from general features to specific ones. Thus, there is usually a plan to be followed, from the overall analysis of the chart and its structure, to the description of its different character traits.
In the first part, an overall analysis of the chart enables us to figure out the personality's main features and to emphasize several points that are confirmed or not in the detailed analysis: in any case, those general traits are taken into account. Human personality is an infinitely intricate entity and describing it is a complex task. Claiming to rapidly summarize it is illusory, although it does not mean that it is an impossible challenge. It is essential to read a natal chart several times in order to absorb all its different meanings and to grasp all this complexity. But the exercise is worthwhile.
In brief, a natal chart is composed of ten planets: two luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, three fast-moving or individual planets, Mercury, Venus and Mars, two slow-moving planets, Jupiter and Saturn, and three very slow-moving planets, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Additional secondary elements are: the Lunar Nodes, the Dark Moon or Lilith, Chiron and other minor objects. They are all posited on the Zodiac wheel consisting of twelve signs, from Aries to Pisces, and divided into twelve astrological houses.
The first step is to evaluate the importance of each planet. This is what we call identifying the dominant planets. This process obeys rules that depend on the astrologer's sensitivity and experience but it also has precise and steady bases: thus, we can take into account the parameters of a planet's activity (the number of active aspects a planet forms, the importance of each aspect according to its nature and its exactness), angularity parameters; (proximity to the four angles, Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant and Imum Coeli or Nadir, all of them being evaluated numerically, according to the kind of angle and the planet-angle distance) and quality parameters (rulership, exaltation, exile and fall). Finally, other criteria such as the rulership of the Ascendant and the Midheaven etc. are important.
These different criteria allow a planet to be highlighted and lead to useful conclusions when interpreting the chart.
The overall chart analysis begins with the observation of three sorts of planetary distributions in the chart: Eastern or Western hemisphere, Northern or Southern hemisphere, and quadrants (North-eastern, North-western, South-eastern and South-western). These three distributions give a general tone in terms of introversion and extraversion, willpower, sociability, and behavioural predispositions.
Then, there are three additional distributions: elements (called triplicity since there are three groups of signs for each one) - Fire, Air, Earth and Water - corresponding to a character typology, modality (or quadruplicity with four groups of signs for each one) - Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable - and polarity (Yin and Yang).
There are three types of dominants: dominant planets, dominant signs and dominant houses. The novice thinks astrology means only "to be Aries" or sometimes, for example, "to be Aries Ascendant Virgo". It is actually far more complex. Although the Sun and the Ascendant alone may reveal a large part of the character - approximately a third or a half of your psychological signature, a person is neither "just the Sun" (called the sign) nor just "the first house" (the Ascendant). Thus, a particular planet's influence may be significantly increased; a particular sign or house may contain a group of planets that will bring nuances and sometimes weaken the role of the Ascendant, of the Sun sign etc.
Lastly, there are two other criteria: accentuations (angular, succedent and cadent) which are a classification of astrological houses and types of decanates that are occupied (each sign is divided into three decanates of ten degrees each). They provide some additional informations.
These general character traits must not be taken literally; they are, somehow, preparing for the chart reading. They allow to understand the second part of the analysis, which is more detailed and precise. It focuses on every area of the personality and provides a synthesis of all the above-mentioned parameters according to sound hierarchical rules.
Each quadrant is a combination of the four hemispheres of your birth chart and relates to a character typology. The Southern hemisphere – the top of your chart, around the Midheaven – is associated with extraversion, action, and public life, whereas the Northern hemisphere prompts to introversion, reflexion, and private life. The Eastern hemisphere – the left part, around the Ascendant – is linked to your ego and your willpower, whereas the Western hemisphere indicates how other people influence you, and how flexible you are when you make a decision.
Toni Collette, the diurnal South-eastern quadrant, consisting of the 10th, 11th and 12th houses, prevails in your chart: assertion and goals achievement are at the centre of your concerns. You are very keen to implement your dreams and your plans. You achieve your ambitions as soon as possible, whether through an active social life, highly charged friendly relations, or an urge to take actions in order to reap - in the eyes of the world, of course - the rewards of your dynamism. It is likely that spirituality or humanitarian actions are part of your motivations, sometimes at the price of some degree of isolation.
Toni Collette, here are the graphs of your Elements and Modes, based on planets' position and angles in the twelve signs:
Cheers for communication and mobility, Toni Collette! The predominance of Air signs in your chart favours and amplifies your taste for relations and for all kinds of short trips, whether real (travels) or symbolic (new ideas, mind speculations). You gain in flexibility and adaptability what you lose in self-assertion or in pragmatism.
Like the majority of Earth signs, Toni Collette, you are efficient, concrete and not too emotional. What matters to you is what you see: you judge the tree by its fruits. Your ideas keep changing, words disappear, but actions and their consequences are visible and remain. Express your sensitivity, even if it means revealing your vulnerability. Emotions, energy and communication must not be neglected; concrete action is meaningless if it is not justified by your heart, your intellect or your enthusiasm.
Fire's qualities are not very present in your chart, with only 9.02% instead of the average 25%, which means that you may lack warmth, enthusiasm, conquering spirit, or energy. You may look indifferent to others, with almost no desire, no joy of life or no enterprising ability. Actually, it is not true, but you should let go, force yourself to be more daring, and show your amazement as well as your vitality. You certainly have as much energy as others, you just need to release it, and it is up to you to display more of it, since it will be all to your benefit: shout, sing, pull faces, dance! That's the right mean for you... In the end, you'll never be accused of being sad, phlegmatic or a killjoy!
Your natal chart shows a lack of the Water element, with only 8.47% instead of the average 25%. Whether you are aware of it or not, affective values bring about problems, for you or your close friends. In general, a lack of Water does not necessarily mean that you are unable to love as much as others do. However, you may find it difficult to express the deepness of your heart and of your feelings. In the best cases, you come to terms with it, you adjust, you manage to show more affection or, why not, you pretend to be really affected! In the worst cases, you get into the terrible habit of repressing these essential values and you tend to forget that they are the basis of the richest and strongest bonds between human beings.
The twelve zodiacal signs are split up into three groups or modes, called quadruplicities, a learned word meaning only that these three groups include four signs. The Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable modes are more or less represented in your natal chart, depending on planets' positions and importance, and on angles in the twelve signs.
Toni Collette, the Cardinal mode is dominant here and indicates a predisposition to action, and more exactly, to impulsion and to undertake: you are very keen to implement the plans you have in mind, to get things going and to create them. This is the most important aspect that inspires enthusiasm and adrenalin in you, without which you can grow weary rapidly. You are individualistic (maybe too much?) and assertive. You let others strengthen and improve the constructions which you built with fervour.
Houses are split up into three groups: angular, succedent and cadent.
The first ones are the most important ones, the most "noticeable" and energetic houses. They are the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th houses. Their cuspides correspond to four famous angles: Ascendant for the 1st house, Imum Coeli for the 4th house, Descendant, opposite the Ascendant, for the 7th house and Midheaven for the 10th house, opposite the Imum Coeli.
Planets are evaluated according to a whole set of criteria that includes comprehensive Western astrology rules. At their turn, planets emphasize specific types of houses, signs, repartitions etc., as previously explained.
Your angular houses, namely, the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th houses, are very emphasized in your chart, Toni Collette: according to the Tradition, they are the strongest and most dynamic houses. Should the rest of your chart concur, angular houses suggest that you are an enterprising, energetic and assertive woman. Indeed, angular houses are said to generate impulsions and to give a powerful and domineering personality.
Unusual fates are often linked to a predominance of angular houses, but this is only a partial indication...
N.B.: this dominant is a minor one.
The issue of dominant planets has existed since the mists of time in astrology: how nice it would be if a person could be described with a few words and one or several planets that would represent their character, without having to analyse such elements as rulerships, angularities, houses, etc!
The ten planets - the Sun throughout Pluto - are a bit like ten characters in a role-play, each one has its own personality, its own way of acting, its own strengths and weaknesses. They actually represent a classification into ten distinct personalities, and astrologers have always tried to associate one or several dominant planets to a natal chart as well as dominant signs and houses.
Indeed, it is quite the same situation with signs and houses. If planets symbolize characters, signs represent hues - the mental, emotional and physical structures of an individual. The sign in which a planet is posited is like a character whose features are modified according to the place where he lives. In a chart, there are usually one, two or three highlighted signs that allow to rapidly describe its owner.
Regarding astrological houses, the principle is even simpler: the twelve houses correspond to twelve fields of life, and planets tenanting any given house increase that house's importance and highlight all relevant life departments: it may be marriage, work, friendship etc.
In your natal chart, Toni Collette, the ten main planets are distributed as follows:
The three most important planets in your chart are Uranus, Venus and Mars.
Uranus among your dominant planets: just like Neptune and Pluto, Uranian typology is less clearly defined than the so-called classical seven planets that are visible to the naked eye, from the Sun to Saturn. However, it is possible to associate your Uranian nature with a few clear characteristics: Uranus rhymes with independence, freedom, originality, or even rebelliousness and marginality, when things go wrong...
Uranus is Mercury's higher octave and as such, he borrows some of its traits of character; namely, a tendency to intellectualize situations and emotions with affective detachment, or at least jagged affectivity.
Therefore, you are certainly a passionate woman who is on the lookout for any kind of action or revolutionary idea, and you are keen on new things. Uranians are never predictable, and it is especially when they are believed to be stable and well settled that... they change everything - their life, partner, and job! In fact, you are allergic to any kind of routine, although avoiding it must give way to many risks.
With Venus among your dominant planets, one of your first reflexes is... to please! Your look, your charm, and your seduction are omnipresent elements in your behaviour.
Your approach to things is connected to your heart, and for you, no real communication can flow if your interlocutors exude no sympathy or warmth. Cold and logical reasoning, clear thoughts and good sense are not important to you: if there is no affective bond with your environment, no connection can be established with the Venusian that you are, and nothing happens.
You have a strong artistic side, and you never neglect subjective but clear concepts such as pleasure, beauty, and also sensuality. However, sometimes to the detriment of efficiency, durability, logic, and... detachment.
Mars is one of your dominant planets and provides you with its efficient energy and enthusiasm: with a powerful Mars in your chart, action - but also will and ability to undertake - is not an empty word for you. You are active, dynamic, willing to fight, courageous, and you are never afraid to move mountains, even though risks are part of the adventures that you start with determination.
However, your patience is not always up to your boldness and a kind of feverishness, or even anger, can tarnish the quality of your achievements. That would be a pity since the Marsian is a champion in matters of efficiency! Mars symbolizes display of action, conquering spirit that favours discipline and order - beware of not being fussy - and lies at the frontier between action and brutality, between conquest and potential aggressiveness.
In your natal chart, the three most important signs - according to criteria mentioned above - are in decreasing order of strength Libra, Capricorn and Sagittarius. In general, these signs are important because your Ascendant or your Sun is located there. But this is not always the case: there may be a cluster of planets, or a planet may be near an angle other than the Midheaven or Ascendant. It may also be because two or three planets are considered to be very active because they form numerous aspects from these signs.
Thus, you display some of the three signs' characteristics, a bit like a superposition of features on the rest of your chart, and it is all the more so if the sign is emphasized.
With Libra as a dominant sign in your birth chart, you love to please, to charm, and to be likeable. Moreover, you are naturally inclined towards tolerance and moderation, as well as elegance and tact, as if you were meant to please! Of course, you always find malcontents who criticize your lack of authenticity or of courage and your half-heartedness, but your aim is to be liked, and in this field, you are an unrivalled champion!
Capricorn is one of your dominant signs and endows you with a grave and serious style that seems to stick to you constantly. But if you have that reserved and cold side - as some extrovert people may think - on the other hand you possess sturdy qualities: you are strong-willed and tough. Your long-term vision, your sense of duty, and your ambition are not affected by the derisory and erratic motions that seem to upset most mortals less steady than you. Besides, you are like a good wine, you age well and your natural solemnity or serious side paradoxically turns into an almost cheerful appearance, as you grow older. You are actually very sensitive when it comes to love. Faithful, caring, sweet, and sensitive, your behaviour is very different in your everyday, sentimental life. A golden heart beats under your tough and austere appearance...
Sagittarius, an adventurous and conquering fire sign, is dominant in your chart: you are enthusiastic, enterprising, optimistic, very sociable, and mobile - you have itchy feet both physically and mentally. Nobody gets bored with you because you are always planning things and suggesting excursions, at least... when you are around and not already gone on a trip! Obviously, so many movements for one woman may scare people off, and some of them may even criticize your brutality or your tendency to loose your temper, but you are so warm and genuine, so expansive, isn't this a good thing? And all the more so, since your sense of humour is overwhelming...
The 10th, 9th and 11th houses are the most prominent ones in your birth chart. From the analysis of the most tenanted houses, the astrologer identifies your most significant fields or spheres of activity. They deal with what you are experiencing - or what you will be brought to experience one day - or they deal with your inner motivations.
With a prominent 10th house, your destiny's achievement may be very notable: the 10th house represents your career, your public life, and your ambitions. A good deal of your energy may thus be used to successfully implement what you have in mind. Instinctively, you are very keen to make your dreams come true. Sooner or later, you will deal with the public, and your personal achievement will go through trials and ordeals: other people and visible actions.
Your 9th house being one of your most tenanted house, or at least emphasized, travels and faraway places play a major role for you: travels may take place in a symbolic sense, namely mind speculations or conceptions about political matters, philosophy, religion or spirituality, or in the literal sense, such as real long distance travels by plane. You may also spend a part of your life far from home, etc. You are driven by a kind of rebelliousness, which urges you to explore the Unknown; it may also be the call of the adventure. Besides, if the rest of your chart concurs, you may be considered as a real draught, often up hill and down dale, constantly on the lookout for exciting discoveries and new, enchanting horizons.
The 11th house is among your dominant houses. Therefore, social life and/or friendships are very important, even strategic to you.
You think that group activities, whether in the humanitarian field or simple gatherings of friends, are endless sources of inspiration and of enjoyment, provided that there are no tensed aspects in this sector. Everything human is important to you, often more important than your own success, unless your 10th house is also powerful.
After this paragraph about dominant planets, of Toni Collette, here are the character traits that you must read more carefully than the previous texts since they are very specific: the texts about dominant planets only give background information about the personality and remain quite general: they emphasize or, on the contrary, mitigate different particularities or facets of a personality. A human being is a complex whole and only bodies of texts can attempt to successfully figure out all the finer points.
Votre sensibilité Toni Collette semble dominée par la raison et vous avez tendance à vouloir analyser vos réactions émotionnelles dans les moindres détails, comme si vous cherchiez à les mettre à distance pour ne pas être submergée et affaiblie par elles. Inquiète de nature, plutôt timide, vous n'aimez pas vous mettre en avant et manquez souvent de confiance en vous. Vous développez alors un perfectionnisme extrême où tout doit être examiné, organisé et planifié selon une certaine logique. Vous aimez rendre service et vous sentir utile, que ce soit pour la réalisation d'un travail bien fait ou tout simplement par l'apport de conseils judicieux et ingénieux mais vous pouvez aussi vous montrer très exigeante et critique voire même presque devenir insupportable tant vous savez insister et trouver toujours à redire à ce que disent ou font les autres. Apprenez à prendre confiance en vous et ne cherchez donc pas tout le temps la petite bête...
Votre émotivité, Toni Collette, est intense, violente même parfois. Vous ressentez les choses et réagissez avec tant de force que cela peut parfois vous tourmenter vous-même ! Mais en contre-partie, vous êtes extrêmement intuitive, imaginative, chaleureuse et possédez une sorte de charme indéfinissable fait de densité d'être... (excerpt)
Votre soif d'apprendre est considérable Toni Collette et vous pouvez passer votre vie à étudier, notamment les langues, la géographie, la philosophie ou le droit. D'une grande ouverture d'esprit, vous souhaitez abolir les frontières quelles qu'elles soient et l'humaniste qui sommeille en vous pourra alors devenir une "grande voyageuse" allant au-devant des autres pour apprendre à les connaître et communiquer avec eux. Vous exprimez avec franchise et clarté vos opinions et croyances et accueillez celles d'autrui avec enthousiasme. Du fait de vos nombreux centres d'intérêts, vous pourrez parfois être perçue comme quelqu'un de superficiel, insouciant et excessivement optimiste. Mais si vous parvenez à maîtriser cette tendance à la dispersion, toutes les rencontres et découvertes que vous aurez pu faire influeront positivement sur votre attitude et votre conception philosophique de la vie.
Intelligente et brillante dès que vous avez un but et des partenaires pour oeuvrer et travailler avec vous, vous êtes souvent moins disposée à entreprendre des projets purement personnels, Toni Collette. Votre esprit et votre curiosité vous portent plutôt vers vos amis, vers des projets en commun... (excerpt)
Dans votre thème, le Soleil est en Scorpion, Vénus en Balance. Vos Signes solaire et vénusien se suivent mais ne se ressemblent pas : au souci constant du Scorpion de se singulariser s'oppose l'associativité d'une Vénus Balance. Votre désir le plus cher ? Vivre en parfaite harmonie avec votre partenaire, l'un étant le reflet de l'autre, son double. Sans connivence, sans cette complicité, comment vous épanouir ? Vous aimez qui vous ressemble et apprendrez au fil du temps à vous rapprocher de ceux à qui vous vous donnez. Pourtant, il vous sera difficile à terme de garder ce cap... Le climat passionnel dont vous avez besoin interdit parfois les situations paisibles dont votre cœur raffole. Il vous faut montrer en quoi vous êtes différent, spécifique. Vous provoquerez ainsi les offensives sans lesquelles votre vie amoureuse vous semblerait d'une morosité insupportable ! Vos attitudes tranchées, et parfois piquantes, ont le mérite de donner du sel au jeu. Vous savez mieux que d'autres alterner les moments d'intensité affective, le déchaînement des passions et les heures plus calmes consacrées à goûter une idyllique réconciliation. Votre force est sans doute de savoir manier avec une rare subtilité la succession des temps d'amour et des temps de crise, les beaux jours et l'orage.
Toni Collette, vous ne pouvez le cacher à personne : aimer, être aimée, plaire, tout cela est le centre de votre vie. Vous êtes toujours à la recherche de compagnie, et si possible d'une compagnie amoureuse car la solitude est une situation dont vous avez vraiment horreur. Ce n'est pas pour autant que la passion vous envahit à tout bout de champ : vous êtes plutôt tout en raffinement, en délicatesse et en charme, et vous savez fort bien utiliser les usages et les coutumes avec mesure et équilibre, ne perdant jamais de vue votre intérêt personnel, prête en toute circonstance à vous adapter et à faire des concessions. Aimer tout en vivant parfaitement intégrée dans la société : l'amour passe en quelque sorte après la bienséance qui est fondamentale pour vous. Vous êtes particulièrement douée pour tout ce jeu de courtoisie et de politesse raffinée où l'apparence compte au moins autant que le contenu ; c'est d'ailleurs l'un de vos grands atouts de savoir montrer ce que vous avez envie de montrer et d'arriver à vos fins avec élégance, douceur et bonté.
Toni Collette, à vous de choisir : l'amour rencontré au cours de vos voyages à l'étranger ou l'amour des voyages tout court et la focalisation des sentiments dans cet idéal d'évasion vers le lointain ? Ou peut-être les deux, quoi qu'il en soit, vous avez souvent tendance... (excerpt)
The ruler of the Ascendant, also referred to as the chart ruler, brings a few interesting nuances to the meanings provided by the Sun and the Ascendant. The sign in which the ruler of the Ascendant is posited fine-tunes the style of personality described by the Sun and the Ascendant. It may strengthen it if the sign is identical to either of them.
The ruler of the Ascendant, Toni Collette, is Saturn. In the sign of Gemini, it endows you with flexibility and the capacity to undertake several things simultaneously, sometimes at the risk of spreading yourself too thing and getting discouraged. Your innate communication skills match your insatiable curiosity for people and for things.
Toni Collette, votre besoin d'affirmation est très fort et s'oriente clairement vers la réussite de votre destin social ou professionnel, ou, du moins, vers une élévation importante par rapport à votre milieu d'origine; vos efforts, votre volonté et vos buts sont parfaitement définis dans votre esprit :... (excerpt)
Toni Collette, on ne peut pas dire que vous êtes spécialement agressive ! En réalité, il en faut généralement beaucoup pour que vous puissiez exprimer votre colère car vous êtes plutôt du genre hésitante et peu encline à prendre des risques ; en fait vous avez par dessus tout horreur de la violence et vous préférez laisser faire plutôt que d'intervenir. La modération et la juste mesure en toute chose ont nettement votre préférence. Un des rares domaines qui peut déclencher votre départ en guerre est peut-être lorsque vous constatez une grande injustice, qu'elle concerne vous-même ou quelqu'un de faible et désarmé. Dans le domaine de l'action comme celui de la sexualité, vous n'êtes pas spécialement impulsive et préférez nettement que votre partenaire vous montre la voie à suivre, avec sérénité et douceur si possible. A vrai dire, les formes et caractéristiques de votre libido sont beaucoup conditionnées par le reste de votre personnalité.
Votre énergie et votre capacité d'action sont au service de votre carrière et de votre destin tout court, Toni Collette : pas de doute, c'est là une des configurations planétaires les plus simples et les plus claires. Pas d'hésitation, pour vous, agir, c'est lutter pour grimper dans... (excerpt)
This text is only an excerpt from the portrait of of Toni Collette, which we hope will inspire you to deepen your knowledge of astrology.
Regarding the sources of the birth data in our possession, kindly note that the pages we publish constitute a starting point for more detailed research, even though they seem useful to us. When the sources are contradictory, which occurs rarely, after having analysed them, we choose the most reliable one. Sometimes, we publish a birth date just because it is made available, but we do not claim that is it the best one, by no means.