Astrotheme
A New Approach to Astrology

Paul Kagame: Astrological Article and Chart

You will find below the horoscope of Paul Kagame with his interactive chart, an excerpt of his astrological portrait and his planetary dominants.

Paul Kagame
Date of birth
Wednesday, October 23, 1957 (time unknown)
City of birth
Ruhango (Rwanda)
Libra
Sagittarius
Scorpio
Signs
Pluto
Venus
Mercury
Planets
Air
Fire
Elements
Chinese astrological sign
Fire Rooster
1
Birth Path
Height
6' 1" (1m86) tall
Views
32,139

This chart is arbitrarily calculated for noon. If you know the time of birth of Paul Kagame, please send us your information with your source, at stars@astrotheme.com. To thank you, we shall be glad to send you the portrait (34 pages) of this celebrity, on demand.

Horoscopes having the same aspect Moon conjunction Neptune (orb 0°30'): Justin Timberlake, Sting (musician), John Legend, Will Ferrell, Dustin Hoffman, Addison Rae, Marvin Gaye, Hedy Lamarr, Ellen Pompeo... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.

Horoscopes having the same aspect Venus sextile Jupiter (orb 0°50'): Marilyn Monroe, Keanu Reeves, Alain Delon, Alexander the Great, Jada Pinkett Smith, Winston Churchill, George Michael, Adriana Karembeu, Edith Piaf... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.

Celebrities born the same day: Ryan Reynolds, Emilia Clarke, Miguel (singer), Johnny Carson, Weird Al Yankovic, Nancy Grace, Margaret Qualley, Amandla Stenberg, Michael Crichton... List of all the celebrities born on October 23.

Horoscopes having the Moon in 2° Scorpio : Bono (U2), Mark Wahlberg, Brittany Murphy, Brie Larson, Eric Clapton, Michael Hutchence, Edie Sedgwick, Heather Graham, Richard Madden... List of all the celebrities having the Moon in 2° Scorpio.

Astrology DataBase on November 22, 2024 at 7:15 PM, CEST
70,582 people and events, 34,500 of which with a known time of birth
Horoscopes clicked on in real-time: 963,408,962 times

Horoscope and chart of Paul Kagame

Astrology chart of Paul Kagame Horoscope and birth chart of Paul Kagame, born October 23, 1957 (time unknown), Ruhango (Rwanda) 15° 58' 19° 05' 29° 15' 29° 44' 14' 45' 10° 31' 11° 34' 15° 07' 44' 11° 23' 53'
Select an object to display more information
Aries
Taurus
Gemini
Cancer
Leo
Virgo
Libra
Scorpio
Sagittarius
Capricorn
Aquarius
Pisces
Sun 29°44' Libra
Sun Aspects
Sun conjunction Mercury orb 0°29'
Sun conjunction Moon orb 3°00'
Sun conjunction Neptune orb 2°30'
Sun conjunction Midheaven orb 3°48'
Sun square Ascendant orb 0°09'
Sun sextile Pluto orb 2°09'
Sun semi-square Venus orb 0°23'
Sun conjunction Mars orb 10°39
Moon 2°45' Scorpio
Moon Aspects
Moon conjunction Midheaven orb 0°47'
Sun conjunction Moon orb 3°00'
Moon conjunction Neptune orb 0°30'
Moon conjunction Mercury orb 3°29'
Moon sextile Pluto orb 0°51'
Moon square Ascendant orb 2°51'
Mercury 29°15' Libra
Mercury Aspects
Sun conjunction Mercury orb 0°29'
Moon conjunction Mercury orb 3°29'
Mercury conjunction Neptune orb 2°59'
Mercury conjunction Midheaven orb 4°17'
Mercury square Ascendant orb 0°38'
Mercury sextile Pluto orb 2°38'
Mercury semi-square Venus orb 0°52'
Mercury conjunction Mars orb 10°09
Venus 15°07' Sagittarius
Venus Aspects
Venus conjunction Saturn orb 3°33'
Venus sextile Jupiter orb 0°50'
Venus trine Uranus orb 3°44'
Venus semi-square Ascendant orb 0°14'
Sun semi-square Venus orb 0°23'
Venus sextile Mars orb 3°57'
Mercury semi-square Venus orb 0°52'
Mars 19°05' Libra
Mars Aspects
Mars conjunction Jupiter orb 3°06'
Venus sextile Mars orb 3°57'
Mercury conjunction Mars orb 10°09
Sun conjunction Mars orb 10°39
Jupiter 15°58' Libra
Jupiter Aspects
Mars conjunction Jupiter orb 3°06'
Venus sextile Jupiter orb 0°50'
Jupiter sextile Saturn orb 4°24'
Jupiter semi-square Pluto orb 0°55'
Jupiter sextile Uranus orb 4°35'
Saturn 11°34' Sagittarius
Saturn Aspects
Venus conjunction Saturn orb 3°33'
Saturn trine Uranus orb 0°11'
Jupiter sextile Saturn orb 4°24'
Uranus 11°23' Leo
Uranus Aspects
Saturn trine Uranus orb 0°11'
Venus trine Uranus orb 3°44'
Jupiter sextile Uranus orb 4°35'
Neptune 2°14' Scorpio
Neptune Aspects
Moon conjunction Neptune orb 0°30'
Sun conjunction Neptune orb 2°30'
Neptune conjunction Midheaven orb 1°17'
Mercury conjunction Neptune orb 2°59'
Neptune sextile Pluto orb 0°21'
Neptune square Ascendant orb 2°21'
Pluto 1°53' Virgo
Pluto Aspects
Moon sextile Pluto orb 0°51'
Neptune sextile Pluto orb 0°21'
Sun sextile Pluto orb 2°09'
Pluto sextile Midheaven orb 1°38'
Mercury sextile Pluto orb 2°38'
Jupiter semi-square Pluto orb 0°55'
Pluto inconjunction Ascendant orb 2°00'
North Node 10°31' Я Scorpio
Lilith 1°44' Я Aries
Display Parameters
Calculation Parameters

Biography of Paul Kagame (excerpt)

Paul Kagame (born October 23, 1957) is the current President of Rwanda. He came to prominence as the leader of the guerrilla Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) army, whose invasion of Rwanda is often cited as the primary reason the Rwandan Genocide came to a close. The RPF's victory over the incumbent government in July 1994 effectively ended the genocide. In 2003, he became the first democratically elected President of Rwanda.

Early life
Kagame was born to a Tutsi family in Ruhango, Rwanda in October 1957 to Deogratius and Asteria Rutagambwa. In November 1959, an increasingly restive Hutu population, encouraged by the Belgian Military, sparked a revolt, eventually resulting in the overthrow of Mwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa in 1961.

Astrological portrait of Paul Kagame (excerpt)

Disclaimer: these short excerpts of astrological charts are computer processed. They are, by no means, of a personal nature. This principle is valid for the celebrities included in our database. These texts provide the meanings of planets, or combination of planets, in signs and in houses, as well as the interpretations of planetary dominants in line with modern Western astrology rules. Moreover, since Astrotheme is not a polemic website, no negative aspect which may damage the good reputation of a celebrity is posted here, unlike in the comprehensive astrological portrait.

Introduction

Here are some character traits from Paul Kagame's birth chart. This description is far from being comprehensive but it can shed light on his/her personality, which is still interesting for professional astrologers or astrology lovers.

N.B.: as this celebrity's birth time is unknown, the chart is arbitrarily calculated for 12:00 PM - the legal time for his/her place of birth; since astrological houses are not taken into account, this astrological profile excerpt is less detailed than those for which the birth time is known.

In a matter of minutes, you can get at your email address your astrological portrait (approximately 32 pages), a much more comprehensive report than this portrait of Paul Kagame.

The dominant planets of Paul Kagame

When interpreting a natal chart, the best method is to start gradually from general features to specific ones. Thus, there is usually a plan to be followed, from the overall analysis of the chart and its structure, to the description of its different character traits.

In the first part, an overall analysis of the chart enables us to figure out the personality's main features and to emphasize several points that are confirmed or not in the detailed analysis: in any case, those general traits are taken into account. Human personality is an infinitely intricate entity and describing it is a complex task. Claiming to rapidly summarize it is illusory, although it does not mean that it is an impossible challenge. It is essential to read a natal chart several times in order to absorb all its different meanings and to grasp all this complexity. But the exercise is worthwhile.

In brief, a natal chart is composed of ten planets: two luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, three fast-moving or individual planets, Mercury, Venus and Mars, two slow-moving planets, Jupiter and Saturn, and three very slow-moving planets, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Additional secondary elements are: the Lunar Nodes, the Dark Moon or Lilith, Chiron and other minor objects. They are all posited on the Zodiac wheel consisting of twelve signs, from Aries to Pisces, and divided into twelve astrological houses.

The first step is to evaluate the importance of each planet. This is what we call identifying the dominant planets. This process obeys rules that depend on the astrologer's sensitivity and experience but it also has precise and steady bases: thus, we can take into account the parameters of a planet's activity (the number of active aspects a planet forms, the importance of each aspect according to its nature and its exactness), angularity parameters; (proximity to the four angles, Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant and Imum Coeli or Nadir, all of them being evaluated numerically, according to the kind of angle and the planet-angle distance) and quality parameters (rulership, exaltation, exile and fall). Finally, other criteria such as the rulership of the Ascendant and the Midheaven etc. are important.

These different criteria allow a planet to be highlighted and lead to useful conclusions when interpreting the chart.

The overall chart analysis begins with the observation of three sorts of planetary distributions in the chart: Eastern or Western hemisphere, Northern or Southern hemisphere, and quadrants (North-eastern, North-western, South-eastern and South-western). These three distributions give a general tone in terms of introversion and extraversion, willpower, sociability, and behavioural predispositions.

Then, there are three additional distributions: elements (called triplicity since there are three groups of signs for each one) - Fire, Air, Earth and Water - corresponding to a character typology, modality (or quadruplicity with four groups of signs for each one) - Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable - and polarity (Yin and Yang).

There are three types of dominants: dominant planets, dominant signs and dominant houses. The novice thinks astrology means only "to be Aries" or sometimes, for example, "to be Aries Ascendant Virgo". It is actually far more complex. Although the Sun and the Ascendant alone may reveal a large part of the character - approximately a third or a half of your psychological signature, a person is neither "just the Sun" (called the sign) nor just "the first house" (the Ascendant). Thus, a particular planet's influence may be significantly increased; a particular sign or house may contain a group of planets that will bring nuances and sometimes weaken the role of the Ascendant, of the Sun sign etc.

Lastly, there are two other criteria: accentuations (angular, succedent and cadent) which are a classification of astrological houses and types of decanates that are occupied (each sign is divided into three decanates of ten degrees each). They provide some additional informations.

These general character traits must not be taken literally; they are, somehow, preparing for the chart reading. They allow to understand the second part of the analysis, which is more detailed and precise. It focuses on every area of the personality and provides a synthesis of all the above-mentioned parameters according to sound hierarchical rules.

Warning: when the birth time is unknown, which is the case for Paul Kagame, a few paragraphs become irrelevant; distributions in hemispheres and quadrants are meaningless, so are dominant houses and houses' accentuations. Therefore, some chapters are removed from this part.

For all paragraphs, the criteria for valuation are calculated without taking into account angles and rulerships of the Ascendant and of the Midheaven. The methodology retains its validity, but it is less precise without a time of birth.

Elements and Modes for Paul Kagame

The Four Elements for Paul Kagame: Astrology, Free Horoscope, Planets, Dominant Planets, Natal Chart

Cheers for communication and mobility, Paul Kagame! The predominance of Air signs in your chart favours and amplifies your taste for relations and for all kinds of short trips, whether real (travels) or symbolic (new ideas, mind speculations). You gain in flexibility and adaptability what you lose in self-assertion or in pragmatism.

Paul Kagame, Fire is dominant in your natal chart and endows you with intuition, energy, courage, self-confidence, and enthusiasm! You are inclined to be passionate, you assert your willpower, you move forward, and come hell or high water, you achieve your dreams and your goals. The relative weakness of this element is the difficulty to step back or a kind of boldness that may prompt you to do foolish things.

Earth qualities are under-represented in your chart, with only 9.22% instead of the average 25%. Deficiency in Earth may indicate that you have no interest in material and concrete values. It is likely that you live too much in your heart or in your mind, or even in your enthusiasm! The fact remains that you may end up in tricky situations, due to your lack of good sense or forethought: material life is unavoidable even if you are rather idealistic, dreamy, or easily content. You must tackle concrete life necessities, for fear of... being forced to cope with them, later, in much more unpleasant ways!

The twelve zodiacal signs are split up into three groups or modes, called quadruplicities, a learned word meaning only that these three groups include four signs. The Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable modes are more or less represented in your natal chart, depending on planets' positions and importance, and on angles in the twelve signs.

The Three Modes for Paul Kagame: Astrology, Free Horoscope, Planets, Dominant Planets, Natal Chart

Paul Kagame, the Cardinal mode is dominant here and indicates a predisposition to action, and more exactly, to impulsion and to undertake: you are very keen to implement the plans you have in mind, to get things going and to create them. This is the most important aspect that inspires enthusiasm and adrenalin in you, without which you can grow weary rapidly. You are individualistic (maybe too much?) and assertive. You let others strengthen and improve the constructions which you built with fervour.

Dominants: Planets, Signs and Houses for Paul Kagame

The issue of dominant planets has existed since the mists of time in astrology: how nice it would be if a person could be described with a few words and one or several planets that would represent their character, without having to analyse such elements as rulerships, angularities, houses, etc!

The ten planets - the Sun throughout Pluto - are a bit like ten characters in a role-play, each one has its own personality, its own way of acting, its own strengths and weaknesses. They actually represent a classification into ten distinct personalities, and astrologers have always tried to associate one or several dominant planets to a natal chart as well as dominant signs and houses.

Indeed, it is quite the same situation with signs and houses. If planets symbolize characters, signs represent hues - the mental, emotional and physical structures of an individual. The sign in which a planet is posited is like a character whose features are modified according to the place where he lives. In a chart, there are usually one, two or three highlighted signs that allow to rapidly describe its owner.

Regarding astrological houses, the principle is even simpler: the twelve houses correspond to twelve fields of life, and planets tenanting any given house increase that house's importance and highlight all relevant life departments: it may be marriage, work, friendship etc.

In your natal chart, Paul Kagame, the ten main planets are distributed as follows:

Dominant Planets for Paul Kagame: Astrology, Free Horoscope, Planets, Dominant Planets, Natal Chart

The three most important planets in your chart are Pluto, Venus and Mercury.

With Pluto as a dominant planet in your chart, you are a magnetic and mighty predator, like the Scorpio sign ruled by this planet, who needs to exert pressure on others in order to "test" them. You are always ready to evolve, to risk destruction for reconstruction - including your own - to live more intensely whilst imposing your secret authority on things and on people you encounter.

You may come across as wicked, cruel or too authoritarian, but actually you only follow your instinct, you sound people out, and you like to exert your domination simply because your vital energy is too powerful to remain inside. You are inclined to be passionate, with hidden motivations. You are sometimes misunderstood but one of your great Plutonian assets is to go successfully through each life ordeal with ever growing strength.

With Venus among your dominant planets, one of your first reflexes is... to please! Your look, your charm, and your seduction are omnipresent elements in your behaviour.

Your approach to things is connected to your heart, and for you, no real communication can flow if your interlocutors exude no sympathy or warmth. Cold and logical reasoning, clear thoughts and good sense are not important to you: if there is no affective bond with your environment, no connection can be established with the Venusian that you are, and nothing happens.

You have a strong artistic side, and you never neglect subjective but clear concepts such as pleasure, beauty, and also sensuality. However, sometimes to the detriment of efficiency, durability, logic, and... detachment.

With Mercury among your dominant planets, you are certainly cerebral, nervous, swift, curious, quick-witted, and you love to communicate. Your psychological pattern is intellectual, all the more so since Mercury is important, with its whole set of assets but also of weaknesses, obviously.

Your sensitivity, emotions, and heart's impulses give precedence to thinking, which can lead people to believe that you are a playful and witty but heartless person, intellectualizing situations and juggling with words and numbers whilst ignoring human aspects of things. Of course, it is said that cats always land on their feet - this is your Mercurian strength and your trump card!

Your weakness lies in your nervousness, and you may miss your goal because of your "over-intellectualization" that may be detrimental to other kind of energies such as instinct, spontaneity, heart, sensitivity, etc.

Dominant Signs for Paul Kagame: Astrology, Free Horoscope, Planets, Dominant Planets, Natal Chart

In your natal chart, the three most important signs - according to criteria mentioned above - are in decreasing order of strength Libra, Sagittarius and Scorpio. In general, these signs are important because your Ascendant or your Sun is located there. But this is not always the case: there may be a cluster of planets, or a planet may be near an angle other than the Midheaven or Ascendant. It may also be because two or three planets are considered to be very active because they form numerous aspects from these signs.

Thus, you display some of the three signs' characteristics, a bit like a superposition of features on the rest of your chart, and it is all the more so if the sign is emphasized.

With Libra as a dominant sign in your natal chart, you love to please, to charm, and to be likeable. Moreover, you are naturally inclined towards tolerance and moderation, as well as elegance and tact, as if you were meant to please! Of course, you always find malcontents who criticize your lack of authenticity or of courage and your half-heartedness, but your aim is to be liked, and in this field, you are an unrivalled champion!

Sagittarius, an adventurous and conquering fire sign, is dominant in your chart: you are enthusiastic, enterprising, optimistic, very sociable, and mobile - you have itchy feet, both physically and mentally. Nobody gets bored with you because you are always planning things and suggesting excursions, at least... when you are around and not already gone on a trip! Obviously, so many movements for one man may scare people off, and some of them may even criticize your brutality or your tendency to loose your temper, but you are so warm and genuine, so expansive, isn't this a good thing? And all the more so, since your sense of humour is overwhelming...

With Scorpio as a dominant sign, you are a strong and astute person, complicated and passionate, sometimes destructive and intolerant, but strong-willed, tough and daring, sometimes bordering on aggressive. So many qualities and dangers combined in one person! Obviously, this often results in a natural selection of people around you: those who stand up to you or admire you and those who can't bear you anymore! But that is precisely what you want. You are what you are and you are not going to transform yourself just to please. You are too proud and you never dread confrontations, although your way of fighting is secret, like your nature that, mysteriously enough, you are so reluctant to reveal even to your close friends who will never understand you. That said... what a hellish charm you have!

After this paragraph about dominant planets, of Paul Kagame, here are the character traits that you must read more carefully than the previous texts since they are very specific: the texts about dominant planets only give background information about the personality and remain quite general: they emphasize or, on the contrary, mitigate different particularities or facets of a personality. A human being is a complex whole and only bodies of texts can attempt to successfully figure out all the finer points.

The Moon in Scorpio: his sensitivity

Avec une sensibilité intuitive et lucide ainsi qu'une affectivité exacerbée, vos émotions Paul Kagame sont secrètes, intenses, profondes et sensuelles. Votre nature magnétique séduit et, conscient de l'étrange fascination que vous exercez sur autrui, vous aimez cultiver cette aura mystérieuse. Vos sentiments sont si puissants que vous vous sentez parfois obligé de les refouler, mais plus vous les contrôlez, plus leur force s'accroît. C'est ainsi que votre jalousie peut se réveiller dans bien des situations et atteindre un tel seuil qu'elle pourra en choquer beaucoup. Sans demi-mesure, vous pourrez alors vous montrer agressif et, comme vous possédez en vous une sorte de radar qui vous permet de déceler instinctivement les faiblesses des autres, il est vrai que vous pouvez faire du mal. Vos émotions sont souvent empreintes d'érotisme et vous détenez ce mélange explosif de lucidité, d'intensité amoureuse et de provocation permanente mais... quel charme ! Vous êtes une nature attractive voire fascinante et vous ne risquez de choquer finalement que les adeptes du juste milieu...

Mercury in Libra: his intellect and social life

Votre mode de pensée Paul Kagame est plutôt lent car vous avez besoin de temps et de tranquillité afin de tenir compte des idées et opinions de chacun, peser le pour et le contre et parvenir enfin à prendre la décision qui vous semble être la plus équitable, la plus juste et la plus équilibrée. En effet, refusant tout comportement fanatique et extrémiste, vous êtes toujours à la recherche du juste milieu. Mais, même si l'on s'accorde à reconnaître votre tolérance, votre sens de la logique et votre don pour la conciliation, on vous reprochera souvent une trop grande indécision et une nette tendance à toujours reporter vos choix à plus tard. Vous aurez alors parfois besoin que l'on vous encourage et que l'on vous pousse à agir pour pouvoir lutter contre cette attitude quelque peu fataliste que l'on pourrait assimiler à de la paresse. N'attendez donc pas tant l'approbation d'autrui, exprimez-vous davantage et agissez...

Venus in Sagittarius and the Sun in Libra: his affectivity and seductiveness

Dans votre thème, le Soleil est en Balance, Vénus en Sagittaire. L'amour est fait de découvertes et de valeurs communes : vos signes solaire et vénusien soulignent un caractère associatif marqué. L'échange constitue la base de vos comportements, y compris sur le plan affectif. Un Soleil en Balance sensibilise au regard de l'autre, au soutien inconditionnel d'un partenaire idéalisé, voire adulé. Une Vénus en Sagittaire accentue ce désir d'échange. Ainsi, votre affectivité se nourrit des différences. Loin de constituer un obstacle, les éventuels antagonismes enrichissent une relation de couple jamais figée. Vous serez plus que d'autres à même de suivre votre partenaire, d'épouser son mode de vie. Le risque est peut-être d'oublier vos propres valeurs. Un certain manque de sélectivité peut s'avérer parfois préjudiciable à votre plein épanouissement personnel : il est plus facile de comprendre que de refuser, et plus naturel d'accepter une attitude étrangère à votre mode de fonctionnement que de préserver vos modèles envers et contre tout. Vous aurez fréquemment besoin qu'on vous étonne, qu'on sollicite votre faculté d'approbation. Le caméléon a la couleur du milieu dans lequel il évolue : de même, vous saurez adapter votre manière d'être aux exigences de l'autre. Loin de tout égocentrisme, vous jouez volontiers un rôle stimulant au sein du couple. Apparemment "facile à vivre", vous aurez cependant besoin d'un partenaire à la hauteur de votre désir de découvertes : une forme subtile d'exigence...

Affectivement, vous êtes Paul Kagame, ouvert, franc et spontané et vous vous liez facilement tant votre enthousiasme peut s'exprimer avec jovialité, sans détours et avec un respect des valeurs morales bien établies. Dans certains cas vous pouvez être en opposition avec votre milieu d'origine ou votre famille en raison de votre goût pour la liberté, le dépaysement ou toute forme d'indépendance et d'émancipation. Vos sentiments sont ardents et vous vous emballez assez rapidement mais par contre, cette facilité à vous lier vous prédispose en conséquence à une certaine instabilité ; en d'autres mots, la fidélité n'est pas votre priorité essentielle tant que vous n'avez pas encore rencontré l'âme soeur. Les conditions idéales pour vivre au mieux vos sentiments amoureux sont de vivre en couple avec une certaine mobilité, faire des voyages, profiter du grand air, ressentir à l'intérieur de votre relation amoureuse cette liberté et cette indépendance dont vous avez absolument besoin depuis votre enfance et à ce prix, l'harmonie et la fidélité seront au rendez-vous.

The Sun in Libra: his will and inner motivations

Mars in Libra: his ability to take action

Paul Kagame, on ne peut pas dire que vous êtes spécialement agressif ! En réalité, il en faut généralement beaucoup pour vous puissiez exprimer votre colère car vous êtes plutôt du genre hésitant et peu enclin à prendre des risques ; en fait vous avez par dessus tout horreur de la violence et vous préférez laisser faire plutôt que d'intervenir. La modération et la juste mesure en toute chose ont nettement votre préférence. Un des rares domaines qui peut déclencher votre départ en guerre est peut-être lorsque vous constatez une grande injustice, qu'elle concerne vous-même ou quelqu'un de faible et désarmé. Dans le domaine de l'action comme celui de la sexualité, vous n'êtes pas spécialement impulsif et préférez nettement que votre partenaire vous montre la voie à suivre, avec sérénité et douceur si possible. A vrai dire, les formes et caractéristiques de votre libido sont beaucoup conditionnées par le reste de votre personnalité.

Conclusion

This text is only an excerpt from the portrait of of Paul Kagame, which we hope will inspire you to deepen your knowledge of astrology.

Since the birth time is unknown,, these portrait excerpts do not take into account the parameters derived from the time, which means, the domification (Ascendant, astrological houses, etc.). Nonetheless, these analyses remain accurate in any case.

Regarding the sources of the birth data in our possession, kindly note that the pages we publish constitute a starting point for more detailed research, even though they seem useful to us. When the sources are contradictory, which occurs rarely, after having analysed them, we choose the most reliable one. Sometimes, we publish a birth date just because it is made available, but we do not claim that is it the best one, by no means.