Karen Hughes: Astrological Article and Chart

Horoscope and chart of Karen Hughes

^* A planet less than 1° from the next House cusp is considered to be posited in the said House. 2° when the AS and the MC are involved

Astrological portrait of Karen Hughes (excerpt)

Disclaimer: these short excerpts of astrological charts are computer processed. They are, by no means, of a personal nature. This principle is valid for the celebrities included in our database. These texts provide the meanings of planets, or combination of planets, in signs and in houses, as well as the interpretations of planetary dominants in line with modern Western astrology rules. Moreover, since Astrotheme is not a polemic website, no negative aspect which may damage the good reputation of a celebrity is posted here, unlike in the comprehensive astrological portrait.

Introduction

Here are some character traits from Karen Hughes's birth chart. This description is far from being comprehensive but it can shed light on his/her personality, which is still interesting for professional astrologers or astrology lovers.

The dominant planets of Karen Hughes

When interpreting a natal chart, the best method is to start gradually from general features to specific ones. Thus, there is usually a plan to be followed, from the overall analysis of the chart and its structure, to the description of its different character traits.

In the first part, an overall analysis of the chart enables us to figure out the personality's main features and to emphasize several points that are confirmed or not in the detailed analysis: in any case, those general traits are taken into account. Human personality is an infinitely intricate entity and describing it is a complex task. Claiming to rapidly summarize it is illusory, although it does not mean that it is an impossible challenge. It is essential to read a natal chart several times in order to absorb all its different meanings and to grasp all this complexity. But the exercise is worthwhile.

In brief, a natal chart is composed of ten planets: two luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, three fast-moving or individual planets, Mercury, Venus and Mars, two slow-moving planets, Jupiter and Saturn, and three very slow-moving planets, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Additional secondary elements are: the Lunar Nodes, the Dark Moon or Lilith, Chiron and other minor objects. They are all posited on the Zodiac wheel consisting of twelve signs, from Aries to Pisces, and divided into twelve astrological houses.

The first step is to evaluate the importance of each planet. This is what we call identifying the dominant planets. This process obeys rules that depend on the astrologer's sensitivity and experience but it also has precise and steady bases: thus, we can take into account the parameters of a planet's activity (the number of active aspects a planet forms, the importance of each aspect according to its nature and its exactness), angularity parameters; (proximity to the four angles, Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant and Imum Coeli or Nadir, all of them being evaluated numerically, according to the kind of angle and the planet-angle distance) and quality parameters (rulership, exaltation, exile and fall). Finally, other criteria such as the rulership of the Ascendant and the Midheaven etc. are important.

These different criteria allow a planet to be highlighted and lead to useful conclusions when interpreting the chart.

The overall chart analysis begins with the observation of three sorts of planetary distributions in the chart: Eastern or Western hemisphere, Northern or Southern hemisphere, and quadrants (North-eastern, North-western, South-eastern and South-western). These three distributions give a general tone in terms of introversion and extraversion, willpower, sociability, and behavioural predispositions.

Then, there are three additional distributions: elements (called triplicity since there are three groups of signs for each one) - Fire, Air, Earth and Water - corresponding to a character typology, modality (or quadruplicity with four groups of signs for each one) - Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable - and polarity (Yin and Yang).

There are three types of dominants: dominant planets, dominant signs and dominant houses. The novice thinks astrology means only "to be Aries" or sometimes, for example, "to be Aries Ascendant Virgo". It is actually far more complex. Although the Sun and the Ascendant alone may reveal a large part of the character - approximately a third or a half of your psychological signature, a person is neither "just the Sun" (called the sign) nor just "the first house" (the Ascendant). Thus, a particular planet's influence may be significantly increased; a particular sign or house may contain a group of planets that will bring nuances and sometimes weaken the role of the Ascendant, of the Sun sign etc.

Lastly, there are two other criteria: accentuations (angular, succedent and cadent) which are a classification of astrological houses and types of decanates that are occupied (each sign is divided into three decanates of ten degrees each). They provide some additional informations.

These general character traits must not be taken literally; they are, somehow, preparing for the chart reading. They allow to understand the second part of the analysis, which is more detailed and precise. It focuses on every area of the personality and provides a synthesis of all the above-mentioned parameters according to sound hierarchical rules.

Astrological Quadrants for Karen Hughes

Each quadrant is a combination of the four hemispheres of your birth chart and relates to a character typology. The Southern hemisphere – the top of your chart, around the Midheaven – is associated with extraversion, action, and public life, whereas the Northern hemisphere prompts to introversion, reflexion, and private life. The Eastern hemisphere – the left part, around the Ascendant – is linked to your ego and your willpower, whereas the Western hemisphere indicates how other people influence you, and how flexible you are when you make a decision.

Karen Hughes, the nocturnal North-western quadrant, consisting of the 4th, 5th and 6th houses, prevails in your chart: this sector favours creativity, conception and some sort of specialization or training, with helpfulness and relations as strong components. You need others' cooperation in order to work properly, although you are not very expansive: creating, innovating and thinking are what matter most to you because this self-expression enriches you and totally satisfies you.

Elements, Modes and House Accentuations for Karen Hughes

Karen Hughes, here are the graphs of your Elements and Modes, based on planets' position and angles in the twelve signs:

Karen Hughes, Fire is dominant in your natal chart and endows you with intuition, energy, courage, self-confidence, and enthusiasm! You are inclined to be passionate, you assert your willpower, you move forward, and come hell or high water, you achieve your dreams and your goals. The relative weakness of this element is the difficulty to step back or a kind of boldness that may prompt you to do foolish things.

The predominance of Water signs indicates high sensitivity and elevation through feelings, Karen Hughes. Your heart and your emotions are your driving forces, and you can't do anything on Earth if you don't feel a strong affective charge (as a matter of fact, the word "feeling" is essential in your psychology). You need to love in order to understand, and to feel in order to take action, to the detriment of a certain vulnerability against which you should learn to fight.

Air is under-represented in your natal chart, with only 7.94% instead of the average 25%. Air symbolizes the values of communication, exchanges with others, but also adaptability and flexibility abilities: if you don't get out of your cocoon to talk, to show interest in others, and to socialize, you may have problems understanding others. Because of your lack of flexibility or of your refusal to adapt yourself, you may be suddenly overwhelmed by events. You should get into the habit of talking, of phoning, and of thinking in terms of "mobility, flexibility, adaptability, change" in every circumstance. It will spare you so many troubles!

The twelve zodiacal signs are split up into three groups or modes, called quadruplicities, a learned word meaning only that these three groups include four signs. The Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable modes are more or less represented in your natal chart, depending on planets' positions and importance, and on angles in the twelve signs.

Karen Hughes, the Cardinal mode is dominant here and indicates a predisposition to action, and more exactly, to impulsion and to undertake: you are very keen to implement the plans you have in mind, to get things going and to create them. This is the most important aspect that inspires enthusiasm and adrenalin in you, without which you can grow weary rapidly. You are individualistic (maybe too much?) and assertive. You let others strengthen and improve the constructions which you built with fervour.

Houses are split up into three groups: angular, succedent and cadent.

The first ones are the most important ones, the most "noticeable" and energetic houses. They are the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th houses. Their cuspides correspond to four famous angles: Ascendant for the 1st house, Imum Coeli for the 4th house, Descendant, opposite the Ascendant, for the 7th house and Midheaven for the 10th house, opposite the Imum Coeli.

Planets are evaluated according to a whole set of criteria that includes comprehensive Western astrology rules. At their turn, planets emphasize specific types of houses, signs, repartitions etc., as previously explained.

The emphasis is on succedent houses in your chart, namely, the 2nd, 5th, 8th and 11th houses, Karen Hughes: this configuration usually endows a personality with affective and sensitive qualities. Obviously, to the detriment of self-confidence or self-assertion, but your heart qualities may be very important. These houses also favour realization. Time and patience are part of their characteristics. However, they are only indications and you must include them in the rest of your chart in order to see whether they are validated or not!

N.B.: this dominant is a minor one.

Dominants: Planets, Signs and Houses for Karen Hughes

The issue of dominant planets has existed since the mists of time in astrology: how nice it would be if a person could be described with a few words and one or several planets that would represent their character, without having to analyse such elements as rulerships, angularities, houses, etc!

The ten planets - the Sun throughout Pluto - are a bit like ten characters in a role-play, each one has its own personality, its own way of acting, its own strengths and weaknesses. They actually represent a classification into ten distinct personalities, and astrologers have always tried to associate one or several dominant planets to a natal chart as well as dominant signs and houses.

Indeed, it is quite the same situation with signs and houses. If planets symbolize characters, signs represent hues - the mental, emotional and physical structures of an individual. The sign in which a planet is posited is like a character whose features are modified according to the place where he lives. In a chart, there are usually one, two or three highlighted signs that allow to rapidly describe its owner.

Regarding astrological houses, the principle is even simpler: the twelve houses correspond to twelve fields of life, and planets tenanting any given house increase that house's importance and highlight all relevant life departments: it may be marriage, work, friendship etc.

In your natal chart, Karen Hughes, the ten main planets are distributed as follows:

The three most important planets in your chart are Mars, Uranus and Mercury.

Mars is one of your dominant planets and provides you with its efficient energy and enthusiasm: with a powerful Mars in your chart, action - but also will and ability to undertake - is not an empty word for you. You are active, dynamic, willing to fight, courageous, and you are never afraid to move mountains, even though risks are part of the adventures that you start with determination.

However, your patience is not always up to your boldness and a kind of feverishness, or even anger, can tarnish the quality of your achievements. That would be a pity since the Marsian is a champion in matters of efficiency! Mars symbolizes display of action, conquering spirit that favours discipline and order - beware of not being fussy - and lies at the frontier between action and brutality, between conquest and potential aggressiveness.

Uranus among your dominant planets: just like Neptune and Pluto, Uranian typology is less clearly defined than the so-called classical seven planets that are visible to the naked eye, from the Sun to Saturn. However, it is possible to associate your Uranian nature with a few clear characteristics: Uranus rhymes with independence, freedom, originality, or even rebelliousness and marginality, when things go wrong...

Uranus is Mercury's higher octave and as such, he borrows some of its traits of character; namely, a tendency to intellectualize situations and emotions with affective detachment, or at least jagged affectivity.

Therefore, you are certainly a passionate woman who is on the lookout for any kind of action or revolutionary idea, and you are keen on new things. Uranians are never predictable, and it is especially when they are believed to be stable and well settled that... they change everything - their life, partner, and job! In fact, you are allergic to any kind of routine, although avoiding it must give way to many risks.

With Mercury among your dominant planets, you are certainly cerebral, nervous, swift, curious, quick-witted, and you love to communicate. Your psychological pattern is intellectual, all the more so since Mercury is important, with its whole set of assets but also of weaknesses, obviously.

Your sensitivity, emotions, and heart's impulses give precedence to thinking, which can lead people to believe that you are a playful and witty but heartless person, intellectualizing situations and juggling with words and numbers whilst ignoring human aspects of things. Of course, it is said that cats always land on their feet - this is your Mercurian strength and your trump card!

Your weakness lies in your nervousness, and you may miss your goal because of your "over-intellectualization" that may be detrimental to other kind of energies such as instinct, spontaneity, heart, sensitivity, etc.

In your natal chart, the three most important signs - according to criteria mentioned above - are in decreasing order of strength Aries, Capricorn and Scorpio. In general, these signs are important because your Ascendant or your Sun is located there. But this is not always the case: there may be a cluster of planets, or a planet may be near an angle other than the Midheaven or Ascendant. It may also be because two or three planets are considered to be very active because they form numerous aspects from these signs.

Thus, you display some of the three signs' characteristics, a bit like a superposition of features on the rest of your chart, and it is all the more so if the sign is emphasized.

Arian blood runs through your veins! You have that enthusiasm, frankness, courage, and fastness which usually make you so likeable in spite of your somewhat rough, naive, or violent side. As a bonus, Aries' gushing fire always gives you the impetus to make a fresh start, should you stumble or undergo life hardship!

Capricorn is one of your dominant signs and endows you with a grave and serious style that seems to stick to you constantly. But if you have that reserved and cold side - as some extrovert people may think - on the other hand you possess sturdy qualities: you are strong-willed and tough. Your long-term vision, your sense of duty, and your ambition are not affected by the derisory and erratic motions that seem to upset most mortals less steady than you. Besides, you are like a good wine, you age well and your natural solemnity or serious side paradoxically turns into an almost cheerful appearance, as you grow older. You are actually very sensitive when it comes to love. Faithful, caring, sweet, and sensitive, your behaviour is very different in your everyday, sentimental life. A golden heart beats under your tough and austere appearance...

With Scorpio as a dominant sign, you are a strong and astute person, complicated and passionate, sometimes destructive and intolerant, but strong-willed, tough and daring, sometimes bordering on aggressive. So many qualities and dangers combined in one person! Obviously, this often results in a natural selection of people around you: those who stand up to you or admire you and those who can't bear you anymore! But that is precisely what you want. You are what you are and you are not going to transform yourself just to please. You are too proud and you never dread confrontations, although your way of fighting is secret, as is your nature that, mysteriously enough, you are so reluctant to reveal even to your close friends who will never understand you. That said... what a hellish charm you have!

The 5th, 6th and 10th houses are the most prominent ones in your birth chart. From the analysis of the most tenanted houses, the astrologer identifies your most significant fields or spheres of activity. They deal with what you are experiencing - or what you will be brought to experience one day - or they deal with your inner motivations.

The 5th house is one of your dominant houses: hobbies, love life, sports, and games, including speculation and all kinds of entertainment, are fields that you actually take seriously! On a more subtle level, artistic creation as well as other forms of creation - including begetting children - could be one of your assets. You gain from taking part in leisure associations and various activity clubs in which a catchword resounds more than for most people: pleasure.

Your 6th house is quite emphasized and indicates interest in work and daily occupations that take up a lot of your time: in analogy with Virgo, this house inclines towards perfectionism and training; somehow, you may be fulfilled through the process of being useful and investing your energy in your work. An environment appealing to you may be involved - your colleagues, for example - or a passion for one of these daily occupations. Medical positions or pets may play a role in your life; or ancillary love affairs too... These are a few possibilities indicated by an important 6th house.

With a prominent 10th house, your destiny's achievement may be very notable: the 10th house represents your career, your public life, and your ambitions. A good deal of your energy may thus be used to successfully implement what you have in mind. Instinctively, you are very keen to make your dreams come true. Sooner or later, you will deal with the public, and your personal achievement will go through trials and ordeals: other people and visible actions.

After this paragraph about dominant planets, of Karen Hughes, here are the character traits that you must read more carefully than the previous texts since they are very specific: the texts about dominant planets only give background information about the personality and remain quite general: they emphasize or, on the contrary, mitigate different particularities or facets of a personality. A human being is a complex whole and only bodies of texts can attempt to successfully figure out all the finer points.

The Moon in Scorpio and in House 5: her sensitivity

Avec une sensibilité intuitive et lucide ainsi qu'une affectivité exacerbée, vos émotions Karen Hughes sont secrètes, intenses, profondes et sensuelles. Votre nature magnétique séduit et, consciente de l'étrange fascination que vous exercez sur autrui, vous aimez cultiver cette aura mystérieuse. Vos sentiments sont si puissants que vous vous sentez parfois obligée de les refouler, mais plus vous les contrôlez, plus leur force s'accroît. C'est ainsi que votre jalousie peut se réveiller dans bien des situations et atteindre un tel seuil qu'elle pourra en choquer beaucoup. Sans demi-mesure, vous pourrez alors vous montrer agressive et, comme vous possédez en vous une sorte de radar qui vous permet de déceler instinctivement les faiblesses des autres, il est vrai que vous pouvez faire du mal. Vos émotions sont souvent empreintes d'érotisme et vous détenez ce mélange explosif de lucidité, d'intensité amoureuse et de provocation permanente mais... quel charme ! Vous êtes une nature attractive voire fascinante et vous ne risquez de choquer finalement que les adeptes du juste milieu...

C'est dans le cadre récréatif, les loisirs et les fêtes, les aventures amoureuses, les vacances etc. que vous exprimez le mieux vos émotions, Karen Hughes. Vous aimez la compagnie des enfants, votre popularité est souvent bonne et vous en profitez pour multiplier les rencontres afin de constater... (excerpt)

Mercury in Capricorn and in House 6: her intellect and social life

Vous avez besoin Karen Hughes de vous concentrer sur un sujet, d'approfondir votre recherche et d'aller au bout de votre raisonnement avec persévérance et détermination. Vous êtes le type même du penseur qui a besoin de temps et souvent même d'isolement pour méditer longuement et laisser son esprit sérieux, méthodique et rigoureux donner sa pleine mesure. Mais vous avez également les pieds sur terre et les idées devront être suivies d'applications concrètes pour susciter votre intérêt, comme par exemple les mathématiques appliquées à la physique. Privilégiant l'essentiel, vous portez un regard lucide sur le monde qui vous entoure même si vous parlez peu et préférez agir avec prudence. On pourra peut-être vous trouver froide et ambitieuse mais vos propos seront toujours sincères et empreints de bon sens. Prenez garde cependant à ne pas trop vous fermer aux autres en vous montrant comme quelqu'un de parfois hautain et intolérant...

Donner le maximum de votre puissance intellectuelle, c'est pour vous naturellement dans le travail que vous pouvez le faire, Karen Hughes. A quoi bon se décarcasser la cervelle si ce n'est pour être utile professionnellement, grimper les échelons, être reconnue par ses collègues de travail et se... (excerpt)

Venus in Sagittarius and in House 5, and the Sun in Capricorn: her affectivity and seductiveness

Dans votre thème, le Soleil est en Capricorne, Vénus en Sagittaire. Un natif du Capricorne structure son couple, l'idéalise et le protège des intrusions. Sans doute vos modèles affectifs vous portent-ils à défendre une certaine image du couple comme unité indissociable, valeur refuge, jardin secret. Il n'est pas nécessairement besoin de mots pour aimer. La relation se fonde sur une essentielle complicité que toute description ne pourrait que morceler. Vénus en Sagittaire, pourtant, sensibilise aux découvertes affectives. Le désir ne peut que s'éteindre au fil du temps s'il n'est entretenu par de nouvelles sollicitations. On voit là l'ambiguïté de votre fonctionnement affectif ou amoureux. Et les risques : ce que le désir vous fait découvrir est intégré, structuré, digéré en quelque sorte. Et l'objet du désir s'envole ou s'enferme dans un schéma réducteur. On peut cependant mettre l'accent sur la complémentarité de ces deux modes a priori antinomiques. Une Vénus en Sagittaire se charge d'entretenir le désir qu'un Soleil en Capricorne organise et rend durable. Pour vivre une telle configuration de manière constructive, il importe de respecter la rigueur de vos conceptions (une rigueur que Vénus trouve austère) autant que la soif d'expériences sensibles et de découvertes affectives sans lesquels vous risqueriez de vous enfermer dans une secrète mélancolie. Ne cloîtrez pas le désir dans une tour d'ivoire.

Affectivement, vous êtes Karen Hughes, ouverte, franche et spontanée et vous vous liez facilement tant votre enthousiasme peut s'exprimer avec jovialité, sans détours et avec un respect des valeurs morales bien établies. Dans certains cas vous pouvez être en opposition avec votre milieu d'origine ou votre famille en raison de votre goût pour la liberté, le dépaysement ou toute forme d'indépendance et d'émancipation. Vos sentiments sont ardents et vous vous emballez assez rapidement mais par contre, cette facilité à vous lier vous prédispose en conséquence à une certaine instabilité ; en d'autres mots, la fidélité n'est pas votre priorité essentielle tant que vous n'avez pas encore rencontré l'âme soeur. Les conditions idéales pour vivre au mieux vos sentiments amoureux sont de vivre en couple avec une certaine mobilité, faire des voyages, profiter du grand air, ressentir à l'intérieur de votre relation amoureuse cette liberté et cette indépendance dont vous avez absolument besoin depuis votre enfance et à ce prix, l'harmonie et la fidélité seront au rendez-vous.

Karen Hughes, avec une affinité certaine entre maison et planète, votre Vénus se trouve ici très à l'aise pour donner le meilleur d'elle-même en terme de puissance des sentiments, création artistique, goût pour les loisirs, activités récréatives, dons pour les arts plastiques ou la musique et même... (excerpt)

The Ascendant is in Cancer and the ruler of the Ascendant is the Moon, in Scorpio: her behaviour

Psychologiquement, vous êtes d'une nature rêveuse, tournée vers la nostalgie du passé, vers la mère, vers la famille : tout en instinct, tout en protection ou défense de votre être vis-à-vis de l'extérieur, vous possédez une vie intérieure riche, une imagination fertile voire même infinie, une propension à éviter tout risque inutile, à rechercher la sécurité en ne vous  dévoilant que lorsque la confiance est là, une nostalgie du passé pour le sentiment de bien-être qu'il vous rappelle.

Née avec la marque de ce signe, vous êtes émotive, sentimentale, paisible, imaginative, sensible, fidèle, résistante, protectrice, vulnérable, généreuse, romantique, tendre, poétique, maternelle, rêveuse, indolente, gourmande, dévouée, mais vous pouvez aussi être craintive, irréaliste, fuyante, passive, susceptible, angoissée, dépendante, entêtée, lunatique, passéiste, paresseuse, pesante, casanière ou hermétique.

En amour, vous êtes Karen Hughes si sensible, si romantique, si rêveuse que vous êtes quasiment amoureuse tout le temps, même si cela ne se voit... jamais car vous êtes si subtile et si intériorisée que tout se passe en fait dans votre tête la plupart du temps.

Il vous faudra la confiance, le temps et l'assurance pour que les sentiments si puissants, les histoires merveilleuses échafaudées dans votre esprit se réalisent dans le concret. Mais à ce moment, rien ne vous arrêtera pour vivre le destin que vous avez reconnu à l'aide de votre intuition.

D'une nature profondément maternelle, charmante, drôle aussi quand vous êtes en harmonie avec vous-même, vous prendrez réellement votre essor quand vous aurez un foyer et que vous vous consacrerez avec bonheur à rendre heureux vos enfants ; essayez alors de ne pas le faire au détriment de votre mari... A ce moment là, il est clair que vous serez la plus douée des femmes pour créer ce cocon épais et protecteur, tisser ce réseau familial sur lequel vous pourrez évoluer et donner libre cours à vos qualités humaines si riches et profondes.

Vous avez besoin d'un compagnon fort, solide et stable sur lequel compter.

The ruler of the Ascendant, also referred to as the chart ruler, brings a few interesting nuances to the meanings provided by the Sun and the Ascendant. The sign in which the ruler of the Ascendant is posited fine-tunes the style of personality described by the Sun and the Ascendant. It may strengthen it if the sign is identical to either of them.

The ruler of the Ascendant, Karen Hughes, is the Moon. It is posited in the sign of Scorpio and makes you appreciate mysteries and the unknown. You need to understand, to solve riddles, and to take action behind the scenes, perhaps so as to be even more efficient. Your criticising skill is a weapon, but it may also backfire on you, just like your sometimes excessive obstinacy.

The Sun in Capricorn and in House 6: her will and inner motivations

Vous êtes une perfectionniste, Karen Hughes, quelqu'un dont le souci permanent demeure de s'améliorer en toutes choses, accumuler des connaissances, devenir utile au meilleur de ses performances et de ses compétences. Le travail pour vous est un domaine important et en général contrairement à d'autres, vous... (excerpt)

Mars in Aries and in House 10: her ability to take action

Impulsive, impatiente, rapide et énergique vous ? Oui bien sûr, Karen Hughes. Vous êtes courageuse et capable d'efforts intenses et très importants sur une courte durée ; et quel rythme ! Que ce soit dans le sport ou bien sur le plan de la sexualité, vous n'êtes pas du genre à réfléchir, vous agissez, un peu "à la hussarde" et instinctivement. Vous parlez avec franchise sans vous soucier de l'opinion de l'autre et surtout sans supporter qu'il ne vous freine ou qu'il ne vous juge. Avec vous, cela passe ou cela casse, ce qui fait que tous vos échanges relationnels ne s'embarrassent pas de diplomatie ou de compromis. Vous êtes trop franche et trop entière pour perdre du temps avec de la finesse ou de la ruse mais c'est ce qui fait votre charme d'un certain côté car avec vous au moins, on sait à quoi s'en tenir.

Votre énergie et votre capacité d'action sont au service de votre carrière et de votre destin tout court, Karen Hughes : pas de doute, c'est là une des configurations planétaires les plus simples et les plus claires. Pas d'hésitation, pour vous, agir, c'est lutter pour grimper dans... (excerpt)

Conclusion

This text is only an excerpt from the portrait of of Karen Hughes, which we hope will inspire you to deepen your knowledge of astrology.

Regarding the sources of the birth data in our possession, kindly note that the pages we publish constitute a starting point for more detailed research, even though they seem useful to us. When the sources are contradictory, which occurs rarely, after having analysed them, we choose the most reliable one. Sometimes, we publish a birth date just because it is made available, but we do not claim that is it the best one, by no means.