You will find below the horoscope of Denis Baupin with his interactive chart, an excerpt of his astrological portrait and his planetary dominants.
Additional information on the source of the birth time is sometimes available in the biography excerpt below.
Horoscopes having the same Big Three (Sun in Gemini, Moon in Gemini, Ascendant in Virgo) : José Bové, Brooke Shields, Albrecht Dürer, Dave Navarro, John Goodman, Lisa Edelstein, Chico Buarque, Régine Pernoud, Joël Dicker... List of all the celebrities having the same Big Three.
Horoscopes having the same aspect Sun square Jupiter (orb 0°09'): Harry Styles, Ariana Grande, Avril Lavigne, Julien Courbet, Shia Labeouf, Frank Sinatra, Dakota Johnson, Alexander Skarsgard, James McAvoy... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.
Horoscopes having the same aspect Sun trine Saturn (orb 0°09'): Leonardo DiCaprio, Lady Gaga, Emmanuel Macron, Kylie Jenner, Sharon Tate, Chris Brown, Sophie Marceau, Kamala Harris, José Bové... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.
Celebrities born the same day: Wentworth Miller, Marquis de Sade, Zachary Quinto, Justin Long, Charlie Watts, Bernard Cazeneuve, Andy Cohen (television personality), Morena Baccarin, Nikki Cox... List of all the celebrities born on June 2.
Horoscopes having the Moon in 10° Gemini : Jimin (BTS), Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Billy Corgan, Jodi Arias, Omar Sharif, William Burroughs, John Goodman, Sadie Sink, Géraldine Pailhas... List of all the celebrities having the Moon in 10° Gemini.
* A planet less than 1° from the next House cusp is considered to be posited in the said House. 2° when the AS and the MC are involved
Denis Baupin is a French political figure, born in Cherbourg (Manche) on 2 June 1962 (birth time source: Didier Geslain). He is presently Deputy Mayor of the City of Paris, where, as an elected member of the city council, he represents France’s Green Party.
From 2001 to April 2008 he was directly responsible for the management of and innovation in the mobility sector for the city. He has been a major figure in the greening of Paris and specifically to leading and supporting a range of innovative projects and services that are transforming the mobility sector and making Paris into a world leader in this field.
Disclaimer: these short excerpts of astrological charts are computer processed. They are, by no means, of a personal nature. This principle is valid for the celebrities included in our database. These texts provide the meanings of planets, or combination of planets, in signs and in houses, as well as the interpretations of planetary dominants in line with modern Western astrology rules. Moreover, since Astrotheme is not a polemic website, no negative aspect which may damage the good reputation of a celebrity is posted here, unlike in the comprehensive astrological portrait.
Here are some character traits from Denis Baupin's birth chart. This description is far from being comprehensive but it can shed light on his/her personality, which is still interesting for professional astrologers or astrology lovers.
In a matter of minutes, you can get at your email address your astrological portrait (approximately 32 pages), a much more comprehensive report than this portrait of Denis Baupin.
When interpreting a natal chart, the best method is to start gradually from general features to specific ones. Thus, there is usually a plan to be followed, from the overall analysis of the chart and its structure, to the description of its different character traits.
In the first part, an overall analysis of the chart enables us to figure out the personality's main features and to emphasize several points that are confirmed or not in the detailed analysis: in any case, those general traits are taken into account. Human personality is an infinitely intricate entity and describing it is a complex task. Claiming to rapidly summarize it is illusory, although it does not mean that it is an impossible challenge. It is essential to read a natal chart several times in order to absorb all its different meanings and to grasp all this complexity. But the exercise is worthwhile.
In brief, a natal chart is composed of ten planets: two luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, three fast-moving or individual planets, Mercury, Venus and Mars, two slow-moving planets, Jupiter and Saturn, and three very slow-moving planets, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Additional secondary elements are: the Lunar Nodes, the Dark Moon or Lilith, Chiron and other minor objects. They are all posited on the Zodiac wheel consisting of twelve signs, from Aries to Pisces, and divided into twelve astrological houses.
The first step is to evaluate the importance of each planet. This is what we call identifying the dominant planets. This process obeys rules that depend on the astrologer's sensitivity and experience but it also has precise and steady bases: thus, we can take into account the parameters of a planet's activity (the number of active aspects a planet forms, the importance of each aspect according to its nature and its exactness), angularity parameters; (proximity to the four angles, Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant and Imum Coeli or Nadir, all of them being evaluated numerically, according to the kind of angle and the planet-angle distance) and quality parameters (rulership, exaltation, exile and fall). Finally, other criteria such as the rulership of the Ascendant and the Midheaven etc. are important.
These different criteria allow a planet to be highlighted and lead to useful conclusions when interpreting the chart.
The overall chart analysis begins with the observation of three sorts of planetary distributions in the chart: Eastern or Western hemisphere, Northern or Southern hemisphere, and quadrants (North-eastern, North-western, South-eastern and South-western). These three distributions give a general tone in terms of introversion and extraversion, willpower, sociability, and behavioural predispositions.
Then, there are three additional distributions: elements (called triplicity since there are three groups of signs for each one) - Fire, Air, Earth and Water - corresponding to a character typology, modality (or quadruplicity with four groups of signs for each one) - Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable - and polarity (Yin and Yang).
There are three types of dominants: dominant planets, dominant signs and dominant houses. The novice thinks astrology means only "to be Aries" or sometimes, for example, "to be Aries Ascendant Virgo". It is actually far more complex. Although the Sun and the Ascendant alone may reveal a large part of the character - approximately a third or a half of your psychological signature, a person is neither "just the Sun" (called the sign) nor just "the first house" (the Ascendant). Thus, a particular planet's influence may be significantly increased; a particular sign or house may contain a group of planets that will bring nuances and sometimes weaken the role of the Ascendant, of the Sun sign etc.
Lastly, there are two other criteria: accentuations (angular, succedent and cadent) which are a classification of astrological houses and types of decanates that are occupied (each sign is divided into three decanates of ten degrees each). They provide some additional informations.
These general character traits must not be taken literally; they are, somehow, preparing for the chart reading. They allow to understand the second part of the analysis, which is more detailed and precise. It focuses on every area of the personality and provides a synthesis of all the above-mentioned parameters according to sound hierarchical rules.
Each quadrant is a combination of the four hemispheres of your birth chart and relates to a character typology. The Southern hemisphere – the top of your chart, around the Midheaven – is associated with extraversion, action, and public life, whereas the Northern hemisphere prompts to introversion, reflexion, and private life. The Eastern hemisphere – the left part, around the Ascendant – is linked to your ego and your willpower, whereas the Western hemisphere indicates how other people influence you, and how flexible you are when you make a decision.
Denis Baupin, the diurnal South-eastern quadrant, consisting of the 10th, 11th and 12th houses, prevails in your chart: assertion and goals achievement are at the centre of your concerns. You are very keen to implement your dreams and your plans. You achieve your ambitions as soon as possible, whether through an active social life, highly charged friendly relations, or an urge to take actions in order to reap - in the eyes of the world, of course - the rewards of your dynamism. It is likely that spirituality or humanitarian actions are part of your motivations, sometimes at the price of some degree of isolation.
Denis Baupin, here are the graphs of your Elements and Modes, based on planets' position and angles in the twelve signs:
Cheers for communication and mobility, Denis Baupin! The predominance of Air signs in your chart favours and amplifies your taste for relations and for all kinds of short trips, whether real (travels) or symbolic (new ideas, mind speculations). You gain in flexibility and adaptability what you lose in self-assertion or in pragmatism.
Like the majority of Earth signs, Denis Baupin, you are efficient, concrete and not too emotional. What matters to you is what you see: you judge the tree by its fruits. Your ideas keep changing, words disappear, but actions and their consequences are visible and remain. Express your sensitivity, even if it means revealing your vulnerability. Emotions, energy and communication must not be neglected; concrete action is meaningless if it is not justified by your heart, your intellect or your enthusiasm.
Fire's qualities are not very present in your chart, with only 1.42% instead of the average 25%, which means that you may lack warmth, enthusiasm, conquering spirit, or energy. You may look indifferent to others, with almost no desire, no joy of life or no enterprising ability. Actually, it is not true, but you should let go, force yourself to be more daring, and show your amazement as well as your vitality. You certainly have as much energy as others, you just need to release it, and it is up to you to display more of it, since it will be all to your benefit: shout, sing, pull faces, dance! That's the right mean for you... In the end, you'll never be accused of being sad, phlegmatic or a killjoy!
The twelve zodiacal signs are split up into three groups or modes, called quadruplicities, a learned word meaning only that these three groups include four signs. The Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable modes are more or less represented in your natal chart, depending on planets' positions and importance, and on angles in the twelve signs.
The Mutable mode is the most emphasized one in your natal chart, Denis Baupin, which indicates a mobile character that is curious and thirsty for new experiences and evolution. You are lively and flexible, and you like to react quickly to solicitations, but don't confuse mobility with agitation, since this is the danger with this configuration - and with you, stagnation is out of the question. Security doesn't matter as long as you are not bored. You optimize, you change things, you change yourself... all this in a speedy way.
Houses are split up into three groups: angular, succedent and cadent.
The first ones are the most important ones, the most "noticeable" and energetic houses. They are the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th houses. Their cuspides correspond to four famous angles: Ascendant for the 1st house, Imum Coeli for the 4th house, Descendant, opposite the Ascendant, for the 7th house and Midheaven for the 10th house, opposite the Imum Coeli.
Planets are evaluated according to a whole set of criteria that includes comprehensive Western astrology rules. At their turn, planets emphasize specific types of houses, signs, repartitions etc., as previously explained.
Your angular houses, namely, the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th houses, are very emphasized in your chart, Denis Baupin: according to the Tradition, they are the strongest and most dynamic houses. Should the rest of your chart concur, angular houses suggest that you are an enterprising, energetic and assertive man. Indeed, angular houses are said to generate impulsions and to give a powerful and domineering personality.
Unusual fates are often linked to a predominance of angular houses, but this is only a partial indication...
N.B.: this dominant is a minor one.
The issue of dominant planets has existed since the mists of time in astrology: how nice it would be if a person could be described with a few words and one or several planets that would represent their character, without having to analyse such elements as rulerships, angularities, houses, etc!
The ten planets - the Sun throughout Pluto - are a bit like ten characters in a role-play, each one has its own personality, its own way of acting, its own strengths and weaknesses. They actually represent a classification into ten distinct personalities, and astrologers have always tried to associate one or several dominant planets to a natal chart as well as dominant signs and houses.
Indeed, it is quite the same situation with signs and houses. If planets symbolize characters, signs represent hues - the mental, emotional and physical structures of an individual. The sign in which a planet is posited is like a character whose features are modified according to the place where he lives. In a chart, there are usually one, two or three highlighted signs that allow to rapidly describe its owner.
Regarding astrological houses, the principle is even simpler: the twelve houses correspond to twelve fields of life, and planets tenanting any given house increase that house's importance and highlight all relevant life departments: it may be marriage, work, friendship etc.
In your natal chart, Denis Baupin, the ten main planets are distributed as follows:
The three most important planets in your chart are Mercury, Pluto and Jupiter.
With Mercury among your dominant planets, you are certainly cerebral, nervous, swift, curious, quick-witted, and you love to communicate. Your psychological pattern is intellectual, all the more so since Mercury is important, with its whole set of assets but also of weaknesses, obviously.
Your sensitivity, emotions, and heart's impulses give precedence to thinking, which can lead people to believe that you are a playful and witty but heartless person, intellectualizing situations and juggling with words and numbers whilst ignoring human aspects of things. Of course, it is said that cats always land on their feet - this is your Mercurian strength and your trump card!
Your weakness lies in your nervousness, and you may miss your goal because of your "over-intellectualization" that may be detrimental to other kind of energies such as instinct, spontaneity, heart, sensitivity, etc.
With Pluto as a dominant planet in your chart, you are a magnetic and mighty predator, like the Scorpio sign ruled by this planet, who needs to exert pressure on others in order to "test" them. You are always ready to evolve, to risk destruction for reconstruction - including your own - to live more intensely whilst imposing your secret authority on things and on people you encounter.
You may come across as wicked, cruel or too authoritarian, but actually you only follow your instinct, you sound people out, and you like to exert your domination simply because your vital energy is too powerful to remain inside. You are inclined to be passionate, with hidden motivations. You are sometimes misunderstood but one of your great Plutonian assets is to go successfully through each life ordeal with ever growing strength.
Jupiter, the planet of expansion, organization, power and benevolence, is quite emphasized in your chart. Like any Jupiterian, you are warm, open, sociable, consensual, active and optimistic. You can use your self-confidence to erase differences of opinion, and you leave the task of analyzing and perfecting things to specialists. Your role, and you know it since you were young, is to gather, to demonstrate your synthesizing and conciliatory mind, and to naturally reap its fruits - power.
You appreciate legality, social order but also order in general. With you as a leader, every plan or human entity can be organized and structured. You excel at supervising. The Jupiterian type is indeed the politician par excellence, and a positive Jupiter in your chart is synonymous with good integration into society, whatever the chosen path.
Is this idyllic picture really perfect? Certainly not: each planet's typology has its own weaknesses. One of yours is pride, like the Solarian, but your will of expansion at all costs may generate a form of exaggeration in everything, endless pleasure, inappropriate self-confidence that could lead you to rough materialism and the thirst for absurd material comfort - in the worst cases, of course.
In your natal chart, the three most important signs - according to criteria mentioned above - are in decreasing order of strength Gemini, Virgo and Pisces. In general, these signs are important because your Ascendant or your Sun is located there. But this is not always the case: there may be a cluster of planets, or a planet may be near an angle other than the Midheaven or Ascendant. It may also be because two or three planets are considered to be very active because they form numerous aspects from these signs.
Thus, you display some of the three signs' characteristics, a bit like a superposition of features on the rest of your chart, and it is all the more so if the sign is emphasized.
With Gemini as a dominant sign, your qualities include being lively, curious, mobile, clever, and flexible: you often make others dizzy, and you may come across as a dilettante - a bit inquisitive, shallow, and insensitive because you may be too intellectualizing. However, your natural curiosity, a nice quality, and your quick humour, allow you to demonstrate to everyone how much they may gain from your company, and that your apparent flightiness hides an appetite (particularly mental) for life, which itself conceals a terrific charm!
Virgo, associated with perfectionism, numbers and reason, is among your dominant signs: you inherit its sense of responsibility and tidiness, a clear mind, an unfailing logic, as well as a need to be useful and to fulfil your task to the best of your abilities. Obviously, people may think that you are too modest or reserved, suspicious or pessimistic because of your exceedingly critical mind, but aren't logic and wisdom great qualities? Of course, they are. Moreover, you keep your feet on the ground, you never behave irrationally and you are helpful and hardworking - what more can you ask for?!
Pisces is among your dominant signs and endows your personality with unlimited sources of emotions, dreams, imagination, and sensitivity, to the extent that you literally swim in a cloudy ocean of delightful impressions. These impressions are so intense and overwhelming that you don't really need to take action concretely, to show your dynamism or your willpower, since you already live so intensely with your feelings - you are as keen as a radar, always on the alert! That is why some people may not like your carelessness, and the lack of clarity in your opinions or actions; however they quickly notice your artistic talents, your poetic or artistic side, and your total lack of wickedness. Besides, you feel compassion for people in pain - empathy is one of your great qualities. Thanks to your flexibility, your intuition, and your generosity, you may spend an important part of your life helping others. And if you are creative or if you have well-known artistic talents, everybody will forgive your little flaws: absent-mindedness, lack of energy or of will, too dreamy temperament...
The 10th, 7th and 1st houses are the most prominent ones in your birth chart. From the analysis of the most tenanted houses, the astrologer identifies your most significant fields or spheres of activity. They deal with what you are experiencing - or what you will be brought to experience one day - or they deal with your inner motivations.
With a prominent 10th house, your destiny's achievement may be very notable: the 10th house represents your career, your public life, and your ambitions. A good deal of your energy may thus be used to successfully implement what you have in mind. Instinctively, you are very keen to make your dreams come true. Sooner or later, you will deal with the public, and your personal achievement will go through trials and ordeals: other people and visible actions.
Your 7th house is one of your dominant houses: it symbolizes other people, marriages, associations, contracts, and partnerships. Your personal achievement and maybe your problems - depending on the rest of your chart - are mainly influenced by your rapports with others, the area in which you tend to commit yourself a lot. You appreciate communication, and you give importance to others' opinions. Success requires the support of others, which seems obvious and natural to you. Your marriage generally contributes to your fulfilment.
With a dominant 1st house, your magnetism is powerful, and your individuality as well as your willpower are out of the ordinary. You are a determined, strong-willed, and assertive person, with this relative criterion at least.
It is likely that you never go unnoticed when you are in a crowd or a in reunion: an important 1st house suggests that you are a charismatic person with above average vital energy, especially if the Sun is present in this sector.
Your personal interests are always important and you never forget them, which doesn't mean that you are self-centered, but only that you behave according to what is in harmony with your deep nature!
After this paragraph about dominant planets, of Denis Baupin, here are the character traits that you must read more carefully than the previous texts since they are very specific: the texts about dominant planets only give background information about the personality and remain quite general: they emphasize or, on the contrary, mitigate different particularities or facets of a personality. A human being is a complex whole and only bodies of texts can attempt to successfully figure out all the finer points.
Il y a chez vous Denis Baupin une tendance à garder les émotions à distance, comme s'il y avait un danger à en éprouver. Vous observez avec curiosité ce qui arrive et cherchez à comprendre et analyser d'une façon objective, logique et impersonnelle pour ensuite porter des jugements sûrs. Les contacts et la communication étant très importants pour vous Denis Baupin, vous pouvez user, voire abuser de la parole et souvent avec humour car c'est aussi une façon de vous détacher de vos sentiments. On pourra parfois alors vous trouver superficiel tant vous semblez avoir à dire sans réellement donner l'impression de vous impliquer, mais vous avez ce besoin d'être tout le temps en mouvement, de découvrir et de communiquer afin d'éviter d'éprouver de l'ennui. Seul, vous pouvez également passer des heures au milieu des livres pour nourrir votre pensée si avide de connaissances. Attention cependant à ne pas passer à côté de vos sentiments à force de privilégier les émotions... intellectuelles !
Votre carrière ou votre accomplissement professionnel, Denis Baupin, sont les domaines où vos émotions vont pouvoir être abondamment canalisées. Souvent populaire, notamment auprès des femmes, vous avez en vous l'instinct de plaire au public et à la foule. Cette popularité est souvent due à votre côté changeant, léger,... (excerpt)
Une intelligence curieuse, une compréhension immédiate ainsi que des intérêts variés vous poussent Denis Baupin tout naturellement vers les autres en toutes circonstances afin d'échanger des idées et d'exercer votre sens de la répartie. Avec vous, les pensées comme les actions doivent être rapides et vous risquez de vous montrer impatient, voire critique et ironique avec les personnes qui ne peuvent soutenir votre rythme effréné. Très adaptable, vous pouvez facilement faire plusieurs choses à la fois tout en réfléchissant à une action future car vous avez sans cesse besoin d'être en mouvement. Et même si l'on vous reproche parfois une tendance à la superficialité, à la dispersion ainsi que votre goût à dissimuler quelque peu la vérité, vous vous sortirez toujours des situations délicates avec une facilité incroyable tant vous pouvez être astucieux, rusé et charmeur.
Votre esprit vif et conciliant est au service de votre carrière, Denis Baupin. Grâce à votre mobilité naturelle, vous vous adaptez en permanence pour vous glisser au mieux aux postes que vous convoitez et votre réussite professionnelle est souvent due à votre capacité à comprendre que changer,... (excerpt)
Dans votre thème, le Soleil est en Gémeaux, Vénus en Cancer. Difficile de rêver plus complémentaires - et plus opposés - que vos Signes solaire et vénusien. Les Gémeaux découvrent, le Cancer intègre et digère. L'un est fonction de communication, l'autre de protection. Votre affectivité s'en ressent, avec sans doute le caractère paradoxal de toute configuration à double face : l'amour n'est qu'un jeu, mais un jeu auquel on se prend. Il y chez vous un penchant prononcé pour l'inédit, la comédie, les caprices sans lesquels l'existence amoureuse serait fort monotone. Sensible au flirt et aux divertissements que procure la séduction, vous ne laissez cependant pas qui veut entrer dans votre univers affectif. Celui-ci est au contraire très protégé, choyé, voire fermé. Car malgré les apparences, malgré de réelles facultés d'échange et de communication, vous faites preuve d'une affectivité particulièrement sélective, n'aimant vraiment que ceux qui vous sont familiers, avec lesquels vous vous sentez naturellement en harmonie. Vous pouvez vous laisser prendre à vos propres pièges : celui d'un être en recherche, avide d'expériences et de découvertes, qui cependant ne se satisfait pleinement que d'une relation longtemps mûrie, isolée, privilégiée. Reste un sens romanesque hors du commun qui donne à la vie sentimentale son sel, son sucre... et son piquant.
Denis Baupin, vous êtes à la fois sensible, vulnérable et tendre. Quand vous aimez, c'est avec toute votre affection et c'est en toute confiance que votre partenaire peut s'abandonner dans une relation durable et sécurisante avec vous. Vous êtes si tranquille et tendre que vous pensez que cela suffit à gagner le coeur de votre partenaire, et vous avez souvent raison. Mais surtout, ne confondez pas donner et recevoir, vous avez tant besoin d'être aimé en retour que vous risquez d'être parfois un peu passif et à force d'être un peu exigeant, vous pouvez montrer un peu d'immaturité. La sécurité et la durée de la relation sont primordiales pour vous ainsi que votre famille, qui est un refuge et même presque un sanctuaire où vous aimez vous cacher quand rien ne va plus. Vous rêvez aussi beaucoup d'amour, peut-être même trop, au détriment de ce que vous pourriez vivre concrètement si vous étiez un peu plus dynamique ou moins craintif d'être blessé mais rappelez-vous que l'on ne reçoit que si l'on donne.
Vous êtes généralement d'une sociabilité impressionnante, Denis Baupin, et cette caractéristique forte de votre personnalité vous amène à louvoyer avec facilité entre amour et amitié, votre entourage proche ayant parfois du mal à faire la différence tant vous êtes avenant et charmant. Vous êtes prédisposé à obtenir... (excerpt)
The ruler of the Ascendant, also referred to as the chart ruler, brings a few interesting nuances to the meanings provided by the Sun and the Ascendant. The sign in which the ruler of the Ascendant is posited fine-tunes the style of personality described by the Sun and the Ascendant. It may strengthen it if the sign is identical to either of them.
The ruler of your Ascendant is in the same sign as your Sun. This specific feature means that the Sun's characteristics in sign previously delineated are strengthened.
Denis Baupin, votre besoin d'affirmation est très fort et s'oriente clairement vers la réussite de votre destin social ou professionnel, ou, du moins, vers une élévation importante par rapport à votre milieu d'origine; vos efforts, votre volonté et vos buts sont parfaitement définis dans votre esprit :... (excerpt)
Denis Baupin, votre façon d'agir gagne en puissance et en précision ce qu'elle perd en rapidité et en spontanéité. Vous êtes un "lent", certes, mais lorsque vous vous mettez en besogne, vous y mettez toute votre ingéniosité et votre persévérance et vous avez l'amour du travail bien fait. A l'arrivée finalement, vous êtes souvent gagnant par cette façon de faire. Sexuellement, vous êtes ainsi généreux et instinctif et votre lenteur n'enlève rien, elle peut même sans doute vous apporter des satisfactions ainsi surtout qu'à votre partenaire ! Dans vos relations amoureuses ainsi d'ailleurs que dans tous vos échanges relationnels en général, vous êtes du genre à garder pour vous ce qui ne va pas car vous êtes extrêmement patient ; vous ne dites rien, encaissez jusqu'à ce que vous explosiez dans des colères aussi violentes qu'elles sont, dieu merci, très rares.
Vous pouvez vous donner de toutes vos forces pour votre idéal, Denis Baupin, qu'il soit de nature politique, religieux, éthique, moral, ou bien de la forme la plus élevée c'est-à-dire spirituel. Et souvent dans plusieurs de ces domaines. Se donner de toutes vos forces signifiera souvent un goût... (excerpt)
This text is only an excerpt from the portrait of of Denis Baupin, which we hope will inspire you to deepen your knowledge of astrology.
Regarding the sources of the birth data in our possession, kindly note that the pages we publish constitute a starting point for more detailed research, even though they seem useful to us. When the sources are contradictory, which occurs rarely, after having analysed them, we choose the most reliable one. Sometimes, we publish a birth date just because it is made available, but we do not claim that is it the best one, by no means.