You will find below the horoscope of Dmitri Hvorostovsky with his interactive chart, an excerpt of his astrological portrait and his planetary dominants.
Additional information on the source of the birth time is sometimes available in the biography excerpt below.
Horoscopes having the same Big Three (Sun in Libra, Moon in Taurus, Ascendant in Scorpio) : Amma (spiritual leader), Richard III of England, Mohan Koparkar, Penny Marshall, René Cassin, Paul Hutin-Desgrées, Frederick William II of Prussia, Rudolf Otto, Tatiana de Rosnay... List of all the celebrities having the same Big Three.
Horoscopes having the same aspect Uranus sextile Ascendant (orb 0°22'): Steve Jobs, Britney Spears, Nicolas Sarkozy, Julia Roberts, Björk, Alyssa Milano, Kendrick Lamar, Kylie Minogue, Jacques Chirac... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.
Horoscopes having the same aspect Saturn square Ascendant (orb 0°30'): Al Pacino, Jeffrey Dahmer, Dua Lipa, Gordon Ramsay, Johnny Hallyday, Nolwenn Leroy, Miranda Kerr, Courteney Cox, Frédéric Chopin... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.
Celebrities born the same day: John Mayer, Oscar Wilde, Charles Leclerc (racing driver), Andrei Chikatilo, Flea (musician), Christophe Maé, Elie Semoun, Tim Robbins, Nico (singer)... List of all the celebrities born on October 16.
Horoscopes having the Moon in 28° Taurus : Chris Pratt (actor), Islamic Republic of Iran, Michael Landon, Jérôme Cahuzac, Christophe Willem, Hô Chi Minh, Alexandre Dumas, Alyson Stoner, Laurent Romejko... List of all the celebrities having the Moon in 28° Taurus.
* A planet less than 1° from the next House cusp is considered to be posited in the said House. 2° when the AS and the MC are involved
Dmitri Aleksandrovich Hvorostovsky (Russian: Дмитрий Александрович Хворостовский, born October 16, 1962 (birth time source: email on October 13, 2014)), is a baritone opera singer from Russia. Possessing a medium-weight yet intelligently and efficiently used voice, Hvorostovsky is considered by many to be one of the finest baritones of the 21st century .
Hvorostovsky was born in Krasnoyarsk in Siberia. He studied at the Krasnoyarsk School of Arts under Yekatherina Yofel and made his debut at Krasnoyarsk Opera House, in the role of Marullo in Rigoletto. He went on to win First Prize at both the Russian Glinka Competition in 1987 and the Toulouse Singing Competition in 1988.
Disclaimer: these short excerpts of astrological charts are computer processed. They are, by no means, of a personal nature. This principle is valid for the celebrities included in our database. These texts provide the meanings of planets, or combination of planets, in signs and in houses, as well as the interpretations of planetary dominants in line with modern Western astrology rules. Moreover, since Astrotheme is not a polemic website, no negative aspect which may damage the good reputation of a celebrity is posted here, unlike in the comprehensive astrological portrait.
Here are some character traits from Dmitri Khvorostovski's birth chart. This description is far from being comprehensive but it can shed light on his/her personality, which is still interesting for professional astrologers or astrology lovers.
In a matter of minutes, you can get at your email address your astrological portrait (approximately 32 pages), a much more comprehensive report than this portrait of Dmitri Khvorostovski.
When interpreting a natal chart, the best method is to start gradually from general features to specific ones. Thus, there is usually a plan to be followed, from the overall analysis of the chart and its structure, to the description of its different character traits.
In the first part, an overall analysis of the chart enables us to figure out the personality's main features and to emphasize several points that are confirmed or not in the detailed analysis: in any case, those general traits are taken into account. Human personality is an infinitely intricate entity and describing it is a complex task. Claiming to rapidly summarize it is illusory, although it does not mean that it is an impossible challenge. It is essential to read a natal chart several times in order to absorb all its different meanings and to grasp all this complexity. But the exercise is worthwhile.
In brief, a natal chart is composed of ten planets: two luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, three fast-moving or individual planets, Mercury, Venus and Mars, two slow-moving planets, Jupiter and Saturn, and three very slow-moving planets, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Additional secondary elements are: the Lunar Nodes, the Dark Moon or Lilith, Chiron and other minor objects. They are all posited on the Zodiac wheel consisting of twelve signs, from Aries to Pisces, and divided into twelve astrological houses.
The first step is to evaluate the importance of each planet. This is what we call identifying the dominant planets. This process obeys rules that depend on the astrologer's sensitivity and experience but it also has precise and steady bases: thus, we can take into account the parameters of a planet's activity (the number of active aspects a planet forms, the importance of each aspect according to its nature and its exactness), angularity parameters; (proximity to the four angles, Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant and Imum Coeli or Nadir, all of them being evaluated numerically, according to the kind of angle and the planet-angle distance) and quality parameters (rulership, exaltation, exile and fall). Finally, other criteria such as the rulership of the Ascendant and the Midheaven etc. are important.
These different criteria allow a planet to be highlighted and lead to useful conclusions when interpreting the chart.
The overall chart analysis begins with the observation of three sorts of planetary distributions in the chart: Eastern or Western hemisphere, Northern or Southern hemisphere, and quadrants (North-eastern, North-western, South-eastern and South-western). These three distributions give a general tone in terms of introversion and extraversion, willpower, sociability, and behavioural predispositions.
Then, there are three additional distributions: elements (called triplicity since there are three groups of signs for each one) - Fire, Air, Earth and Water - corresponding to a character typology, modality (or quadruplicity with four groups of signs for each one) - Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable - and polarity (Yin and Yang).
There are three types of dominants: dominant planets, dominant signs and dominant houses. The novice thinks astrology means only "to be Aries" or sometimes, for example, "to be Aries Ascendant Virgo". It is actually far more complex. Although the Sun and the Ascendant alone may reveal a large part of the character - approximately a third or a half of your psychological signature, a person is neither "just the Sun" (called the sign) nor just "the first house" (the Ascendant). Thus, a particular planet's influence may be significantly increased; a particular sign or house may contain a group of planets that will bring nuances and sometimes weaken the role of the Ascendant, of the Sun sign etc.
Lastly, there are two other criteria: accentuations (angular, succedent and cadent) which are a classification of astrological houses and types of decanates that are occupied (each sign is divided into three decanates of ten degrees each). They provide some additional informations.
These general character traits must not be taken literally; they are, somehow, preparing for the chart reading. They allow to understand the second part of the analysis, which is more detailed and precise. It focuses on every area of the personality and provides a synthesis of all the above-mentioned parameters according to sound hierarchical rules.
Each quadrant is a combination of the four hemispheres of your birth chart and relates to a character typology. The Southern hemisphere – the top of your chart, around the Midheaven – is associated with extraversion, action, and public life, whereas the Northern hemisphere prompts to introversion, reflexion, and private life. The Eastern hemisphere – the left part, around the Ascendant – is linked to your ego and your willpower, whereas the Western hemisphere indicates how other people influence you, and how flexible you are when you make a decision.
Dmitri Khvorostovski, the diurnal South-eastern quadrant, consisting of the 10th, 11th and 12th houses, prevails in your chart: assertion and goals achievement are at the centre of your concerns. You are very keen to implement your dreams and your plans. You achieve your ambitions as soon as possible, whether through an active social life, highly charged friendly relations, or an urge to take actions in order to reap - in the eyes of the world, of course - the rewards of your dynamism. It is likely that spirituality or humanitarian actions are part of your motivations, sometimes at the price of some degree of isolation.
Dmitri Khvorostovski, here are the graphs of your Elements and Modes, based on planets' position and angles in the twelve signs:
The predominance of Water signs indicates high sensitivity and elevation through feelings, Dmitri Khvorostovski. Your heart and your emotions are your driving forces, and you can't do anything on Earth if you don't feel a strong affective charge (as a matter of fact, the word "feeling" is essential in your psychology). You need to love in order to understand, and to feel in order to take action, which causes a certain vulnerability which you should fight against.
Like the majority of Earth signs, Dmitri Khvorostovski, you are efficient, concrete and not too emotional. What matters to you is what you see: you judge the tree by its fruits. Your ideas keep changing, words disappear, but actions and their consequences are visible and remain. Express your sensitivity, even if it means revealing your vulnerability. Emotions, energy and communication must not be neglected; concrete action is meaningless if it is not justified by your heart, your intellect or your enthusiasm.
The twelve zodiacal signs are split up into three groups or modes, called quadruplicities, a learned word meaning only that these three groups include four signs. The Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable modes are more or less represented in your natal chart, depending on planets' positions and importance, and on angles in the twelve signs.
The Fixed mode corresponds to a majority of elements in your chart, Dmitri Khvorostovski, and represents the desire for security and durability: you are able to concretely appreciate a situation and its stability. You definitely prefer to play the role of a loyal, obstinate and hard-working person, rather than to try new and risky experiences - beware, however, not to confuse obstinacy with intransigence. You structure, cement, and strengthen everything you find on your way: it is your nature, although you are not especially interested in swiftness: slow and steady...
Houses are split up into three groups: angular, succedent and cadent.
The first ones are the most important ones, the most "noticeable" and energetic houses. They are the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th houses. Their cuspides correspond to four famous angles: Ascendant for the 1st house, Imum Coeli for the 4th house, Descendant, opposite the Ascendant, for the 7th house and Midheaven for the 10th house, opposite the Imum Coeli.
Planets are evaluated according to a whole set of criteria that includes comprehensive Western astrology rules. At their turn, planets emphasize specific types of houses, signs, repartitions etc., as previously explained.
Your angular houses, namely, the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th houses, are very emphasized in your chart, Dmitri Khvorostovski: according to the Tradition, they are the strongest and most dynamic houses. Should the rest of your chart concur, angular houses suggest that you are an enterprising, energetic and assertive man. Indeed, angular houses are said to generate impulsions and to give a powerful and domineering personality.
Unusual fates are often linked to a predominance of angular houses, but this is only a partial indication...
N.B.: this dominant is a minor one.
The issue of dominant planets has existed since the mists of time in astrology: how nice it would be if a person could be described with a few words and one or several planets that would represent their character, without having to analyse such elements as rulerships, angularities, houses, etc!
The ten planets - the Sun throughout Pluto - are a bit like ten characters in a role-play, each one has its own personality, its own way of acting, its own strengths and weaknesses. They actually represent a classification into ten distinct personalities, and astrologers have always tried to associate one or several dominant planets to a natal chart as well as dominant signs and houses.
Indeed, it is quite the same situation with signs and houses. If planets symbolize characters, signs represent hues - the mental, emotional and physical structures of an individual. The sign in which a planet is posited is like a character whose features are modified according to the place where he lives. In a chart, there are usually one, two or three highlighted signs that allow to rapidly describe its owner.
Regarding astrological houses, the principle is even simpler: the twelve houses correspond to twelve fields of life, and planets tenanting any given house increase that house's importance and highlight all relevant life departments: it may be marriage, work, friendship etc.
In your natal chart, Dmitri Khvorostovski, the ten main planets are distributed as follows:
The three most important planets in your chart are Pluto, Neptune and the Moon.
With Pluto as a dominant planet in your chart, you are a magnetic and mighty predator, like the Scorpio sign ruled by this planet, who needs to exert pressure on others in order to "test" them. You are always ready to evolve, to risk destruction for reconstruction - including your own - to live more intensely whilst imposing your secret authority on things and on people you encounter.
You may come across as wicked, cruel or too authoritarian, but actually you only follow your instinct, you sound people out, and you like to exert your domination simply because your vital energy is too powerful to remain inside. You are inclined to be passionate, with hidden motivations. You are sometimes misunderstood but one of your great Plutonian assets is to go successfully through each life ordeal with ever growing strength.
With Neptune as one of your three dominant planets, you are a secretive and ambiguous person, often confused or unclear about your own motivations! Indeed, you are endowed with unlimited imagination and inspiration, as well as with an extreme sensibility that may turn you into a psychic or a clairvoyant. On the other hand, your impressionability is such that you may have difficulties in separating what is concrete and solid from illusions or dreams.
A mystic, a visionary or a poet, you daydream, like any Neptunian, and you see what few people only can see, all of this being shrouded in aesthetic mists when you are fired with enthusiasm.
A boundless, infinity-loving man like you is inevitably likely to be more vulnerable and easily hurt because of your acute perception of events. In such cases, you are hit full in the face, and you may sink into gloomy daydreamings and dark melancholy.
That said, this mysterious aura definitely gives you an indefinable charm in the eyes of your close friends who are often fascinated by your unique ability to feel and to see what ordinary people can never see!
The Moon is one of the most important planets in your chart and endows you with a receptive, emotive, and imaginative nature. You have an innate ability to instinctively absorb atmospheres and impressions that nurture you, and as a result, you are often dreaming your life away rather than actually living it.
One of the consequences of your spontaneity may turn into popularity, or even fame: the crowd is a living and complex entity, and it always appreciates truth and sincerity rather than calculation and total self-control.
As a Lunar character, you find it difficult to control yourself, you have to deal with your moods, and you must be careful not to stay passive in front of events: nothing is handed on a plate, and although your sensitivity is rich, even richer than most people's, you must make a move and spare some of your energy for... action!
In your natal chart, the three most important signs - according to criteria mentioned above - are in decreasing order of strength Scorpio, Libra and Leo. In general, these signs are important because your Ascendant or your Sun is located there. But this is not always the case: there may be a cluster of planets, or a planet may be near an angle other than the Midheaven or Ascendant. It may also be because two or three planets are considered to be very active because they form numerous aspects from these signs.
Thus, you display some of the three signs' characteristics, a bit like a superposition of features on the rest of your chart, and it is all the more so if the sign is emphasized.
With Scorpio as a dominant sign, you are a strong and astute person, complicated and passionate, sometimes destructive and intolerant, but strong-willed, tough and daring, sometimes bordering on aggressive. So many qualities and dangers combined in one person! Obviously, this often results in a natural selection of people around you: those who stand up to you or admire you and those who can't bear you anymore! But that is precisely what you want. You are what you are and you are not going to transform yourself just to please. You are too proud and you never dread confrontations, although your way of fighting is secret, like your nature that, mysteriously enough, you are so reluctant to reveal even to your close friends who will never understand you. That said... what a hellish charm you have!
With Libra as a dominant sign in your natal chart, you love to please, to charm, and to be likeable. Moreover, you are naturally inclined towards tolerance and moderation, as well as elegance and tact, as if you were meant to please! Of course, you always find malcontents who criticize your lack of authenticity or of courage and your half-heartedness, but your aim is to be liked, and in this field, you are an unrivalled champion!
With Leo as a dominant sign, you naturally shine brightly. Your dignity, your sense of honour, and your generosity can almost turn you into a solar mythological hero, a knight or a lord from the ancient times. People may blame you for your selfishness, your pride or your somewhat loud authority, but if you are self-confident, kind-hearted and strong-willed, it surely makes up for your little flaws, as long as they remain moderate...
The 1st, 10th and 7th houses are the most prominent ones in your birth chart. From the analysis of the most tenanted houses, the astrologer identifies your most significant fields or spheres of activity. They deal with what you are experiencing - or what you will be brought to experience one day - or they deal with your inner motivations.
With a dominant 1st house, your magnetism is powerful, and your individuality as well as your willpower are out of the ordinary. You are a determined, strong-willed, and assertive person, with this relative criterion at least.
It is likely that you never go unnoticed when you are in a crowd or a in reunion: an important 1st house suggests that you are a charismatic person with above average vital energy, especially if the Sun is present in this sector.
Your personal interests are always important and you never forget them, which doesn't mean that you are self-centered, but only that you behave according to what is in harmony with your deep nature!
With a prominent 10th house, your destiny's achievement may be very notable: the 10th house represents your career, your public life, and your ambitions. A good deal of your energy may thus be used to successfully implement what you have in mind. Instinctively, you are very keen to make your dreams come true. Sooner or later, you will deal with the public, and your personal achievement will go through trials and ordeals: other people and visible actions.
Your 7th house is one of your dominant houses: it symbolizes other people, marriages, associations, contracts, and partnerships. Your personal achievement and maybe your problems - depending on the rest of your chart - are mainly influenced by your rapports with others, the area in which you tend to commit yourself a lot. You appreciate communication, and you give importance to others' opinions. Success requires the support of others, which seems obvious and natural to you. Your marriage generally contributes to your fulfilment.
After this paragraph about dominant planets, of Dmitri Khvorostovski, here are the character traits that you must read more carefully than the previous texts since they are very specific: the texts about dominant planets only give background information about the personality and remain quite general: they emphasize or, on the contrary, mitigate different particularities or facets of a personality. A human being is a complex whole and only bodies of texts can attempt to successfully figure out all the finer points.
Amoureux de la nature tout autant que de votre confort, vous êtes Dmitri Khvorostovski, un épicurien désireux de profiter des belles et bonnes choses de la vie au sein d'un "clan" familial ou amical qui apprécie votre convivialité et votre amabilité. Fidèle, stable, les pieds sur terre, vous êtes quelqu'un sur qui l'on peut compter en toute circonstance. Attaché à votre sécurité affective et matérielle, la jalousie et la possessivité ne vous sont pas étrangères et vous pouvez, bien que de nature plutôt lente, vous montrer très rapidement colérique et agressif lorsque vous vous sentez menacé dans ces domaines. Vous ferez alors preuve d'un entêtement et d'une fureur rares et l'on aura bien du mal à vous faire changer d'avis. Même si vous êtes conscient que votre attitude n'est pas réellement adaptée, vous camperez sur vos positions et garderez une rancune tenace. Vous êtes cependant si sensible à la tendresse et aux marques concrètes d'affection qu'avec quelques cadeaux ou câlins, vous finirez bien par revoir tout en rose...
Vous êtes dépendant pour une large part de vos relations avec les autres et généralement, Dmitri Khvorostovski, vous pouvez vous livrer vraiment qu'avec des personnes qui vous sont proches. Les contacts ont énormément d'importance chez vous, vous avez tendance peut-être à trop écouter le dernier qui a... (excerpt)
Votre mode de pensée Dmitri Khvorostovski est plutôt lent car vous avez besoin de temps et de tranquillité afin de tenir compte des idées et opinions de chacun, peser le pour et le contre et parvenir enfin à prendre la décision qui vous semble être la plus équitable, la plus juste et la plus équilibrée. En effet, refusant tout comportement fanatique et extrémiste, vous êtes toujours à la recherche du juste milieu. Mais, même si l'on s'accorde à reconnaître votre tolérance, votre sens de la logique et votre don pour la conciliation, on vous reprochera souvent une trop grande indécision et une nette tendance à toujours reporter vos choix à plus tard. Vous aurez alors parfois besoin que l'on vous encourage et que l'on vous pousse à agir pour pouvoir lutter contre cette attitude quelque peu fataliste que l'on pourrait assimiler à de la paresse. N'attendez donc pas tant l'approbation d'autrui, exprimez-vous davantage et agissez...
Intelligent et brillant dès que vous avez un but et des partenaires pour oeuvrer et travailler avec vous, vous êtes souvent moins disposé à entreprendre des projets purement personnels, Dmitri Khvorostovski. Votre esprit et votre curiosité vous portent plutôt vers vos amis, vers des projets en commun... (excerpt)
Dans votre thème, le Soleil est en Balance, Vénus en Scorpion. Vos Signes solaire et vénusien induisent des comportements affectifs complexes à souhait... Alors que l'associativité d'un Soleil Balance est légendaire, une Vénus Scorpion incite à la résistance, voire au refus. Sans doute manifestez-vous en alternance ces deux attitudes antinomiques : vous attendez d'une relation de couple qu'elle vous apporte un soutien moral et affectif, rêvant un idéal de fusion et d'harmonie. Pour cela, vous vous pensez apte à tout partager, à mettre en commun vos valeurs, vos modèles. Pourtant, vos désirs sont bien spécifiques et vos goûts particuliers. Et vous n'aimerez pas nécessairement une situation amoureuse dénuée d'antagonisme. Parce que vous savez qu'un amour se nourrit aussi de ces différences qui font l'enrichissement mutuel, vous ne laisserez pas longtemps la béate harmonie rêvée endormir la passion ! A terme, vos attitudes s'avéreront plus sélectives que prévu, et votre manière d'être plus tranchée. Le risque est alors d'adhérer à priori au mode de pensée d'un partenaire que vous ne souhaitez pas heurter, et d'éprouver ainsi un sentiment de platitude générateur de tensions. Il importe donc de veiller à respecter votre idéal de fusion et votre désir de vivre intensément la relation, contre vents et marées. Bien intégrée, cette configuration permet d'équilibrer deux tendances souvent incompatibles, d'adhérer à l'autre sans vous renier, de calmer le jeu quand il le faut sans étouffer l'exaltation des coeurs.
L'amour avec vous, Dmitri Khvorostovski, n'est pas dissociable de la passion. Vos sentiments sont immédiats, impérieux, intenses, et vous ne pouvez absolument pas concevoir une relation amoureuse sans fusion avec votre partenaire, sans ce désir irrésistible de ne rien ignorer de l'autre : émotions, sentiments, sexualité, tout doit être vécu à la limite de la possessivité absolue et sans retenue. En réalité, vos sentiments sont aussi complexes qu'ils sont profonds et vous aimez rarement mais avec une ardeur brûlante qui consume votre couple dans des ébats aussi torrides que violents. Bien sûr, ce type de sentiments aussi puissants peut mener à la jalousie et à l'exclusivité absolue, presque au contrôle de votre partenaire. Si la relation est véritable, cela se passera bien et dans le cas contraire, les risques de blessures partagées sont réels à l'intérieur de votre couple ; il est difficile de toute façon de concilier la passion et la tranquillité et il est clair que pour vous, la sérénité sentimentale passe par la rencontre d'une personne qui serait soit aussi complexe que vous et qui vous comprendrait ainsi instinctivement, soit de votre complémentaire, d'une nature aussi calme et solide que vos pulsions sont intenses et profondes.
Dmitri Khvorostovski, lorsque votre Vénus se trouve en maison 1 (encore appelée l'Ascendant), qui représente votre comportement ou le caractère que vous voulez bien laisser paraître aux yeux d'autrui, elle va contribuer à adoucir votre personnalité, vous apporter un charme et une décontraction naturelles et donner à... (excerpt)
The ruler of the Ascendant, also referred to as the chart ruler, brings a few interesting nuances to the meanings provided by the Sun and the Ascendant. The sign in which the ruler of the Ascendant is posited fine-tunes the style of personality described by the Sun and the Ascendant. It may strengthen it if the sign is identical to either of them.
The ruler of the Ascendant, Dmitri Khvorostovski, is Pluto. In the sign of Virgo, it turns you into a cautious and rational person, sometimes to the detriment of your feelings. You like to improve yourself, and you pay a great deal of attention to details. You respect the rules, and you appreciate well-done work. However, you may lack self-confidence or you may hesitate, perhaps because you hate to make mistakes, since you believe that truth is a major quality.
Dmitri Khvorostovski, votre désir d'accomplissement passe par une forme un peu particulière et originale, dans le sens que vous ne pouvez résister à l'attrait du mystère et d'un certain retrait par rapport aux évènements et aux situations. Vos penchants naturels vous poussent souvent à vous isoler et... (excerpt)
Quelle énergie Dmitri Khvorostovski ! Que d'initiatives et de force pour agir, construire ou combattre ! Vous faites partie des conquérants, loyaux et soucieux du panache et votre vitalité est telle que vous pourrez l'utiliser sans peine pour arriver à vos objectifs et exercer toute votre créativité. Vous êtes cependant si fier et si entier qu'il n'est pas question pour vous de distinguer chez autrui une once de contrariété sur votre route : vous risqueriez alors, si vexé, de courir dans la direction opposée par réaction. Sexuellement, votre magnétisme et votre énergie font des merveilles et en plus vous n'êtes pas compliqué, il suffit pour que tout se passe au mieux que l'on respecte votre nature un peu dominatrice et que l'on vous porte un minimum d'admiration. Vous avez en général confiance en vous et en votre réussite et c'est ce trait de caractère particulier qui parfois peut faire de vous un vrai héros à la force herculéenne et au charisme solaire.
Vous pouvez vous donner de toutes vos forces pour votre idéal, Dmitri Khvorostovski, qu'il soit de nature politique, religieux, éthique, moral, ou bien de la forme la plus élevée c'est-à-dire spirituel. Et souvent dans plusieurs de ces domaines. Se donner de toutes vos forces signifiera souvent un goût... (excerpt)
This text is only an excerpt from the portrait of of Dmitri Khvorostovski, which we hope will inspire you to deepen your knowledge of astrology.
Regarding the sources of the birth data in our possession, kindly note that the pages we publish constitute a starting point for more detailed research, even though they seem useful to us. When the sources are contradictory, which occurs rarely, after having analysed them, we choose the most reliable one. Sometimes, we publish a birth date just because it is made available, but we do not claim that is it the best one, by no means.