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Tracy Chapman: Astrological Article and Chart

You will find below the horoscope of Tracy Chapman with her interactive chart, an excerpt of her astrological portrait and her planetary dominants.

Tracy Chapman
Author:
Hans Hillewaert

Credits: Own work
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0
Date of birth
Monday, March 30, 1964 (time unknown)
City of birth
Cleveland Heights (OH) (United States)
Aries
Scorpio
Taurus
Signs
Venus
Mars
Saturn
Planets
Fire
Earth
Elements
Chinese astrological sign
Wood Dragon
8
Birth Path
Height
5' 4½" (1m64) tall
Views
44,522

This chart is arbitrarily calculated for noon. If you know the time of birth of Tracy Chapman, please send us your information with your source, at stars@astrotheme.com. To thank you, we shall be glad to send you the portrait (34 pages) of this celebrity, on demand.

Horoscopes having the same aspect Mercury conjunction Jupiter (orb 0°42'): Brigitte Bardot, Jim Carrey, Anti-Christ, Nick Jonas, Woody Allen, Lenny Kravitz, Jenifer (singer), Michael Douglas, Jaehyun (singer)... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.

Horoscopes having the same aspect Moon sextile Pluto (orb 2°35'): Mariah Carey, Justin Timberlake, Will Smith, Zac Efron, Romy Schneider, Katie Holmes, Bono (U2), Olivia Rodrigo, Aleister Crowley... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.

Celebrities born the same day: Céline Dion, Vincent van Gogh, Eric Clapton, Cha Eun-woo, Norah Jones, Thierry Cabot, Warren Beatty, Sergio Ramos, Anitta (singer)... List of all the celebrities born on March 30.

Horoscopes having the Moon in 9° Scorpio : Mila Kunis, Charlie Chaplin, Adam Brody, Anny Duperey, Bette Midler, Sébastien Chabal, Julio Cortázar, Luc Ferry, Queen Silvia of Sweden... List of all the celebrities having the Moon in 9° Scorpio.

Astrology DataBase on November 25, 2024 at 2:57 PM, CEST
70,612 people and events, 34,521 of which with a known time of birth
Horoscopes clicked on in real-time: 964,046,484 times

Horoscope and chart of Tracy Chapman

Astrology chart of Tracy Chapman Horoscope and birth chart of Tracy Chapman, born March 30, 1964 (time unknown), Cleveland Heights (OH) (United States) 39' 17° 24' 14° 32' 41' 58' 10° 01' 26° 19' 27° 01' 25° 26' 00' 43' 12° 15'
Select an object to display more information
Aries
Taurus
Gemini
Cancer
Leo
Virgo
Libra
Scorpio
Sagittarius
Capricorn
Aquarius
Pisces
Sun 10°01' Aries
Sun Aspects
Sun inconjunction Moon orb 0°21'
Sun conjunction Midheaven orb 8°18'
Sun conjunction Mars orb 9°03'
Sun semi-square Venus orb 0°25'
Sun inconjunction Pluto orb 2°14'
Sun bi-quintile Neptune orb 1°22'
Moon 9°39' Scorpio
Moon Aspects
Sun inconjunction Moon orb 0°21'
Moon sextile Pluto orb 2°35'
Moon conjunction Neptune orb 7°44'
Moon sextile Uranus orb 2°56'
Mercury 26°19' Aries
Mercury Aspects
Mercury conjunction Jupiter orb 0°42'
Mercury sesqui-quadrate Pluto orb 0°56'
Mercury square Ascendant orb 5°38'
Mercury sextile Saturn orb 4°22'
Mercury semi-sextile Venus orb 0°52'
Venus 25°26' Taurus
Venus Aspects
Sun semi-square Venus orb 0°25'
Venus square Saturn orb 5°15'
Venus opposite Neptune orb 8°02'
Mercury semi-sextile Venus orb 0°52'
Venus sextile Ascendant orb 4°45'
Venus sextile Mars orb 5°31'
Mars 0°58' Aries
Mars Aspects
Mars conjunction Midheaven orb 0°44'
Sun conjunction Mars orb 9°03'
Mars semi-sextile Saturn orb 0°16'
Mars sesqui-quadrate Neptune orb 1°26'
Venus sextile Mars orb 5°31'
Jupiter 27°01' Aries
Jupiter Aspects
Mercury conjunction Jupiter orb 0°42'
Jupiter sesqui-quadrate Pluto orb 0°14'
Jupiter sextile Saturn orb 3°40'
Jupiter square Ascendant orb 6°20'
Saturn 0°41' Pisces
Saturn Aspects
Saturn opposite Uranus orb 6°01'
Mars semi-sextile Saturn orb 0°16'
Venus square Saturn orb 5°15'
Jupiter sextile Saturn orb 3°40'
Mercury sextile Saturn orb 4°22'
Saturn semi-sextile Midheaven orb 1°00'
Uranus 6°43' Я Virgo
Uranus Aspects
Uranus conjunction Pluto orb 5°31'
Saturn opposite Uranus orb 6°01'
Moon sextile Uranus orb 2°56'
Uranus semi-square Ascendant orb 1°02'
Neptune 17°24' Я Scorpio
Neptune Aspects
Neptune trine Ascendant orb 3°16'
Moon conjunction Neptune orb 7°44'
Neptune sesqui-quadrate Midheaven orb 0°41'
Venus opposite Neptune orb 8°02'
Mars sesqui-quadrate Neptune orb 1°26'
Neptune sextile Pluto orb 5°08'
Sun bi-quintile Neptune orb 1°22'
Pluto 12°15' Я Virgo
Pluto Aspects
Uranus conjunction Pluto orb 5°31'
Moon sextile Pluto orb 2°35'
Jupiter sesqui-quadrate Pluto orb 0°14'
Mercury sesqui-quadrate Pluto orb 0°56'
Sun inconjunction Pluto orb 2°14'
Neptune sextile Pluto orb 5°08'
North Node 6°00' Я Cancer
Lilith 14°32' Я Sagittarius
Display Parameters
Calculation Parameters

Biography of Tracy Chapman (excerpt)

Tracy Chapman (born March 30, 1964) is an American singer-songwriter, best known for her singles, "Fast Car," "Talkin' 'Bout a Revolution," "Baby Can I Hold You," and "Give Me One Reason." She is a multi-platinum and multi-Grammy Award-winning artist. Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Tracy Chapman began playing guitar and writing songs as a child. She was accepted into A Better Chance, the national resource for identifying, recruiting and developing leaders among academically gifted students of color, which enabled her to attend Wooster School in Connecticut, and was eventually accepted to Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts. In May 2004, her alma mater, Tufts University honored her with an honorary degree of Doctor of Fine Arts, for her contributions as a socially conscious and artistically accomplished musician.

Astrological portrait of Tracy Chapman (excerpt)

Disclaimer: these short excerpts of astrological charts are computer processed. They are, by no means, of a personal nature. This principle is valid for the celebrities included in our database. These texts provide the meanings of planets, or combination of planets, in signs and in houses, as well as the interpretations of planetary dominants in line with modern Western astrology rules. Moreover, since Astrotheme is not a polemic website, no negative aspect which may damage the good reputation of a celebrity is posted here, unlike in the comprehensive astrological portrait.

Introduction

Here are some character traits from Tracy Chapman's birth chart. This description is far from being comprehensive but it can shed light on his/her personality, which is still interesting for professional astrologers or astrology lovers.

N.B.: as this celebrity's birth time is unknown, the chart is arbitrarily calculated for 12:00 PM - the legal time for his/her place of birth; since astrological houses are not taken into account, this astrological profile excerpt is less detailed than those for which the birth time is known.

In a matter of minutes, you can get at your email address your astrological portrait (approximately 32 pages), a much more comprehensive report than this portrait of Tracy Chapman.

The dominant planets of Tracy Chapman

When interpreting a natal chart, the best method is to start gradually from general features to specific ones. Thus, there is usually a plan to be followed, from the overall analysis of the chart and its structure, to the description of its different character traits.

In the first part, an overall analysis of the chart enables us to figure out the personality's main features and to emphasize several points that are confirmed or not in the detailed analysis: in any case, those general traits are taken into account. Human personality is an infinitely intricate entity and describing it is a complex task. Claiming to rapidly summarize it is illusory, although it does not mean that it is an impossible challenge. It is essential to read a natal chart several times in order to absorb all its different meanings and to grasp all this complexity. But the exercise is worthwhile.

In brief, a natal chart is composed of ten planets: two luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, three fast-moving or individual planets, Mercury, Venus and Mars, two slow-moving planets, Jupiter and Saturn, and three very slow-moving planets, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Additional secondary elements are: the Lunar Nodes, the Dark Moon or Lilith, Chiron and other minor objects. They are all posited on the Zodiac wheel consisting of twelve signs, from Aries to Pisces, and divided into twelve astrological houses.

The first step is to evaluate the importance of each planet. This is what we call identifying the dominant planets. This process obeys rules that depend on the astrologer's sensitivity and experience but it also has precise and steady bases: thus, we can take into account the parameters of a planet's activity (the number of active aspects a planet forms, the importance of each aspect according to its nature and its exactness), angularity parameters; (proximity to the four angles, Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant and Imum Coeli or Nadir, all of them being evaluated numerically, according to the kind of angle and the planet-angle distance) and quality parameters (rulership, exaltation, exile and fall). Finally, other criteria such as the rulership of the Ascendant and the Midheaven etc. are important.

These different criteria allow a planet to be highlighted and lead to useful conclusions when interpreting the chart.

The overall chart analysis begins with the observation of three sorts of planetary distributions in the chart: Eastern or Western hemisphere, Northern or Southern hemisphere, and quadrants (North-eastern, North-western, South-eastern and South-western). These three distributions give a general tone in terms of introversion and extraversion, willpower, sociability, and behavioural predispositions.

Then, there are three additional distributions: elements (called triplicity since there are three groups of signs for each one) - Fire, Air, Earth and Water - corresponding to a character typology, modality (or quadruplicity with four groups of signs for each one) - Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable - and polarity (Yin and Yang).

There are three types of dominants: dominant planets, dominant signs and dominant houses. The novice thinks astrology means only "to be Aries" or sometimes, for example, "to be Aries Ascendant Virgo". It is actually far more complex. Although the Sun and the Ascendant alone may reveal a large part of the character - approximately a third or a half of your psychological signature, a person is neither "just the Sun" (called the sign) nor just "the first house" (the Ascendant). Thus, a particular planet's influence may be significantly increased; a particular sign or house may contain a group of planets that will bring nuances and sometimes weaken the role of the Ascendant, of the Sun sign etc.

Lastly, there are two other criteria: accentuations (angular, succedent and cadent) which are a classification of astrological houses and types of decanates that are occupied (each sign is divided into three decanates of ten degrees each). They provide some additional informations.

These general character traits must not be taken literally; they are, somehow, preparing for the chart reading. They allow to understand the second part of the analysis, which is more detailed and precise. It focuses on every area of the personality and provides a synthesis of all the above-mentioned parameters according to sound hierarchical rules.

Warning: when the birth time is unknown, which is the case for Tracy Chapman, a few paragraphs become irrelevant; distributions in hemispheres and quadrants are meaningless, so are dominant houses and houses' accentuations. Therefore, some chapters are removed from this part.

For all paragraphs, the criteria for valuation are calculated without taking into account angles and rulerships of the Ascendant and of the Midheaven. The methodology retains its validity, but it is less precise without a time of birth.

Elements and Modes for Tracy Chapman

The Four Elements for Tracy Chapman: Astrology, Free Horoscope, Planets, Dominant Planets, Natal Chart

Tracy Chapman, Fire is dominant in your natal chart and endows you with intuition, energy, courage, self-confidence, and enthusiasm! You are inclined to be passionate, you assert your willpower, you move forward, and come hell or high water, you achieve your dreams and your goals. The relative weakness of this element is the difficulty to step back or a kind of boldness that may prompt you to do foolish things.

Like the majority of Earth signs, Tracy Chapman, you are efficient, concrete and not too emotional. What matters to you is what you see: you judge the tree by its fruits. Your ideas keep changing, words disappear, but actions and their consequences are visible and remain. Express your sensitivity, even if it means revealing your vulnerability. Emotions, energy and communication must not be neglected; concrete action is meaningless if it is not justified by your heart, your intellect or your enthusiasm.

Air is under-represented in your natal chart, with only 0.00% instead of the average 25%. Air symbolizes the values of communication, exchanges with others, but also adaptability and flexibility abilities: if you don't get out of your cocoon to talk, to show interest in others, and to socialize, you may have problems understanding others. Because of your lack of flexibility or of your refusal to adapt yourself, you may be suddenly overwhelmed by events. You should get into the habit of talking, of phoning, and of thinking in terms of "mobility, flexibility, adaptability, change" in every circumstance. It will spare you so many troubles!

The twelve zodiacal signs are split up into three groups or modes, called quadruplicities, a learned word meaning only that these three groups include four signs. The Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable modes are more or less represented in your natal chart, depending on planets' positions and importance, and on angles in the twelve signs.

The Three Modes for Tracy Chapman: Astrology, Free Horoscope, Planets, Dominant Planets, Natal Chart

Tracy Chapman, the Cardinal mode is dominant here and indicates a predisposition to action, and more exactly, to impulsion and to undertake: you are very keen to implement the plans you have in mind, to get things going and to create them. This is the most important aspect that inspires enthusiasm and adrenalin in you, without which you can grow weary rapidly. You are individualistic (maybe too much?) and assertive. You let others strengthen and improve the constructions which you built with fervour.

Dominants: Planets, Signs and Houses for Tracy Chapman

The issue of dominant planets has existed since the mists of time in astrology: how nice it would be if a person could be described with a few words and one or several planets that would represent their character, without having to analyse such elements as rulerships, angularities, houses, etc!

The ten planets - the Sun throughout Pluto - are a bit like ten characters in a role-play, each one has its own personality, its own way of acting, its own strengths and weaknesses. They actually represent a classification into ten distinct personalities, and astrologers have always tried to associate one or several dominant planets to a natal chart as well as dominant signs and houses.

Indeed, it is quite the same situation with signs and houses. If planets symbolize characters, signs represent hues - the mental, emotional and physical structures of an individual. The sign in which a planet is posited is like a character whose features are modified according to the place where he lives. In a chart, there are usually one, two or three highlighted signs that allow to rapidly describe its owner.

Regarding astrological houses, the principle is even simpler: the twelve houses correspond to twelve fields of life, and planets tenanting any given house increase that house's importance and highlight all relevant life departments: it may be marriage, work, friendship etc.

In your natal chart, Tracy Chapman, the ten main planets are distributed as follows:

Dominant Planets for Tracy Chapman: Astrology, Free Horoscope, Planets, Dominant Planets, Natal Chart

The three most important planets in your chart are Venus, Mars and Saturn.

With Venus among your dominant planets, one of your first reflexes is... to please! Your look, your charm, and your seduction are omnipresent elements in your behaviour.

Your approach to things is connected to your heart, and for you, no real communication can flow if your interlocutors exude no sympathy or warmth. Cold and logical reasoning, clear thoughts and good sense are not important to you: if there is no affective bond with your environment, no connection can be established with the Venusian that you are, and nothing happens.

You have a strong artistic side, and you never neglect subjective but clear concepts such as pleasure, beauty, and also sensuality. However, sometimes to the detriment of efficiency, durability, logic, and... detachment.

Mars is one of your dominant planets and provides you with its efficient energy and enthusiasm: with a powerful Mars in your chart, action - but also will and ability to undertake - is not an empty word for you. You are active, dynamic, willing to fight, courageous, and you are never afraid to move mountains, even though risks are part of the adventures that you start with determination.

However, your patience is not always up to your boldness and a kind of feverishness, or even anger, can tarnish the quality of your achievements. That would be a pity since the Marsian is a champion in matters of efficiency! Mars symbolizes display of action, conquering spirit that favours discipline and order - beware of not being fussy - and lies at the frontier between action and brutality, between conquest and potential aggressiveness.

Saturn is part of your dominant planets: among the facets of your character, you have a grave and serious side, wise and somewhat severe, since your concentration can be powerful to the detriment of carelessness and friendliness.

You often look austere, but it is only an appearance, a kind of modesty or reserve; however, it is true that the Saturnian, who is fond of time, effort, asceticism, rigour and sobriety, may have popularity issues. Nevertheless, honesty and straightforwardness, reliability, as well as slow, wise and deep mental process, although not very popular and visible qualities, eventually become noticed and appreciated. Saturnians' second part of life is usually easier and more fulfilling.

Like the Jupiterian, your Saturnian facet prompts you to seek the essential, security, and longevity. However, the difference with the former is that you will never give priority to wealth or "the bigger, the better" philosophy for the sake of power. Saturn, like Jupiter, symbolizes social integration, and it is usually considered positive to have a harmonic Jupiter and Saturn in one's chart because of their social adaptation capacities.

Your vulnerability lies in your too serious and austere side, which may lead to unwanted loneliness and affective frustration. This generally does not last because Saturnians often hide deep down a golden heart that ends up revealing itself...

Dominant Signs for Tracy Chapman: Astrology, Free Horoscope, Planets, Dominant Planets, Natal Chart

In your natal chart, the three most important signs - according to criteria mentioned above - are in decreasing order of strength Aries, Scorpio and Taurus. In general, these signs are important because your Ascendant or your Sun is located there. But this is not always the case: there may be a cluster of planets, or a planet may be near an angle other than the Midheaven or Ascendant. It may also be because two or three planets are considered to be very active because they form numerous aspects from these signs.

Thus, you display some of the three signs' characteristics, a bit like a superposition of features on the rest of your chart, and it is all the more so if the sign is emphasized.

Arian blood runs through your veins! You have that enthusiasm, frankness, courage, and fastness which usually make you so likeable in spite of your somewhat rough, naive, or violent side. As a bonus, Aries' gushing fire always gives you the impetus to make a fresh start, should you stumble or undergo life hardship!

With Scorpio as a dominant sign, you are a strong and astute person, complicated and passionate, sometimes destructive and intolerant, but strong-willed, tough and daring, sometimes bordering on aggressive. So many qualities and dangers combined in one person! Obviously, this often results in a natural selection of people around you: those who stand up to you or admire you and those who can't bear you anymore! But that is precisely what you want. You are what you are and you are not going to transform yourself just to please. You are too proud and you never dread confrontations, although your way of fighting is secret, as is your nature that, mysteriously enough, you are so reluctant to reveal even to your close friends who will never understand you. That said... what a hellish charm you have!

With the Taurus sign so important in your chart, you are constructive, stable, and sensual. Good taste, sense of beauty, manners, and unfailing good sense - all these qualities contribute to your charm and seductive power. Furthermore, if some people criticize your slow pace and your stubbornness, you rightly reply that this is the price for your security, and that you like the way it is - slow and steady....

After this paragraph about dominant planets, of Tracy Chapman, here are the character traits that you must read more carefully than the previous texts since they are very specific: the texts about dominant planets only give background information about the personality and remain quite general: they emphasize or, on the contrary, mitigate different particularities or facets of a personality. A human being is a complex whole and only bodies of texts can attempt to successfully figure out all the finer points.

The Moon in Scorpio: her sensitivity

Avec une sensibilité intuitive et lucide ainsi qu'une affectivité exacerbée, vos émotions Tracy Chapman sont secrètes, intenses, profondes et sensuelles. Votre nature magnétique séduit et, consciente de l'étrange fascination que vous exercez sur autrui, vous aimez cultiver cette aura mystérieuse. Vos sentiments sont si puissants que vous vous sentez parfois obligée de les refouler, mais plus vous les contrôlez, plus leur force s'accroît. C'est ainsi que votre jalousie peut se réveiller dans bien des situations et atteindre un tel seuil qu'elle pourra en choquer beaucoup. Sans demi-mesure, vous pourrez alors vous montrer agressive et, comme vous possédez en vous une sorte de radar qui vous permet de déceler instinctivement les faiblesses des autres, il est vrai que vous pouvez faire du mal. Vos émotions sont souvent empreintes d'érotisme et vous détenez ce mélange explosif de lucidité, d'intensité amoureuse et de provocation permanente mais... quel charme ! Vous êtes une nature attractive voire fascinante et vous ne risquez de choquer finalement que les adeptes du juste milieu...

Mercury in Aries: her intellect and social life

Vous aimez la discussion et les échanges d'idées et savez apporter, Tracy Chapman, les remarques stimulantes et provocantes qui feront avancer le débat. Vous avez tendance à vous mettre en avant par la parole et pouvez devenir un leader. Votre compréhension exacte et rapide, fulgurante même, vous permet d'appréhender les problèmes de manière directe et de prendre facilement des initiatives positives. Inventive, intuitive et pressée de voir aboutir vos projets, vous ne vous intéressez que peu aux détails et préférez aller à l'essentiel. Cependant, votre esprit de décision trop impulsif peut vous précipiter dans des actions irréfléchies ; c'est pourquoi il serait parfois bon d'écouter les conseils d'autrui avant de foncer tête baissée et de faire machine arrière, ce que vous n'appréciez pas spécialement.

Venus in Taurus and the Sun in Aries: her affectivity and seductiveness

Dans votre thème, le Soleil est en Bélier, Vénus en Taureau. Vos signes solaire et vénusien appartiennent tous deux au printemps : la tradition évoque à leur égard une certaine animalité... fougue et force seraient un point commun entre ces deux signes. On insiste sur la puissance des instincts, une saine envie de vivre de fortes passions amoureuses. Ce duo zodiacal s'oppose pourtant : à la naïveté du Bélier réagit la prudente lucidité du Taureau. Et l'inertie de l'un s'oppose à la fougue naturelle de l'autre. Bien vécue, cette configuration met en jeu des tendances complémentaires : promptitude à s'émouvoir, faculté d'installer pour longtemps la relation, candeur et fidélité, forte émotivité et sensualité puissante. On ne saurait pourtant passer sous silence les risques éventuels d'un tel duo : celui tout d'abord de ne gouverner que très difficilement ses instincts. Possessivité, jalousie, irritabilité sont quelques-uns des défauts que l’on vous attribue si vous vivez de manière trop "primaire" le couple Bélier-Taureau. Revers de la médaille d'une rare vitalité ! Aussi importe-t-il d'apprendre à vivre un certain détachement, une distance sans laquelle vous pourriez fréquemment vous laisser entraîner par le courant inexorable d'une affectivité omniprésente. Autre voie : débrider - faute de gouverner - ses pulsions, accepter l'excessive mais séduisante présence de l'instinct le plus recommandable au monde : l'amour.

Que de volupté et de charme recèle votre personne, Tracy Chapman ! Vous êtes ce que l'on appelle une "nature" et lorsque la confiance s'est installée, lentement mais sûrement, vous vous attachez profondément à votre partenaire et vous pouvez ainsi être gagnée par la passion. Cela mettra des mois, voire des années, mais vous êtes si généreuse et si affectueuse que dans la plupart des cas votre relation de couple a des chances de s'épanouir avec le temps. Très physique, très sensuelle, vous avez à coeur de savourer avec délice vos moments intimes et cet aspect de votre relation amoureuse contribue généralement à cimenter le lien existant. Tout cela semble  idyllique, Tracy Chapman et en effet ce serait le cas si parfois, votre jalousie et votre possessivité ne se mettaient pas en marche en même temps que vos sentiments puissants. Mais vous avez déjà beaucoup trop d'atouts, alors soyez satisfaite !

The Sun in Aries: her will and inner motivations

Mars in Aries: her ability to take action

Impulsive, impatiente, rapide et énergique vous ? Oui bien sûr, Tracy Chapman. Vous êtes courageuse et capable d'efforts intenses et très importants sur une courte durée ; et quel rythme ! Que ce soit dans le sport ou bien sur le plan de la sexualité, vous n'êtes pas du genre à réfléchir, vous agissez, un peu "à la hussarde" et instinctivement. Vous parlez avec franchise sans vous soucier de l'opinion de l'autre et surtout sans supporter qu'il ne vous freine ou qu'il ne vous juge. Avec vous, cela passe ou cela casse, ce qui fait que tous vos échanges relationnels ne s'embarrassent pas de diplomatie ou de compromis. Vous êtes trop franche et trop entière pour perdre du temps avec de la finesse ou de la ruse mais c'est ce qui fait votre charme d'un certain côté car avec vous au moins, on sait à quoi s'en tenir.

Conclusion

This text is only an excerpt from the portrait of of Tracy Chapman, which we hope will inspire you to deepen your knowledge of astrology.

Since the birth time is unknown,, these portrait excerpts do not take into account the parameters derived from the time, which means, the domification (Ascendant, astrological houses, etc.). Nonetheless, these analyses remain accurate in any case.

Regarding the sources of the birth data in our possession, kindly note that the pages we publish constitute a starting point for more detailed research, even though they seem useful to us. When the sources are contradictory, which occurs rarely, after having analysed them, we choose the most reliable one. Sometimes, we publish a birth date just because it is made available, but we do not claim that is it the best one, by no means.