You will find below the horoscope of Stefaan Maene with his interactive chart, an excerpt of his astrological portrait and his planetary dominants.
Additional information on the source of the birth time is sometimes available in the biography excerpt below.
Horoscopes having the same Big Three (Sun in Taurus, Moon in Taurus, Ascendant in Gemini) : Ann-Margret, David Helfgott, Novalis (poet), Claudine Auger, Yvette Chauviré, James Baker, Lyne Chardonnet, Marie-Eugène Debeney, Gaston Rébuffat... List of all the celebrities having the same Big Three.
Horoscopes having the same aspect Mercury sextile Mars (orb 0°05'): Beyoncé Knowles, Diana, Princess of Wales, Sharon Stone, Jay-Z, Sandra Bullock, Bill Clinton, Sean Penn, Kesha (singer), Edgar Cayce... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.
Horoscopes having the same aspect Pluto trine Midheaven (orb 0°12'): Uma Thurman, Marion Cotillard, Lindsay Lohan, Sean Connery, Queen Camilla, Stephen King, Janis Joplin, Eddie Murphy, Amy Adams... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.
Celebrities born the same day: Robert Pattinson, Stevie Wonder, Dennis Rodman, Stephen Colbert, Grégory Lemarchal, Jim Jones (cult), Nikos Aliagas, Lena Dunham, Debby Ryan... List of all the celebrities born on May 13.
Horoscopes having the Moon in 22° Taurus : Cameron Diaz, Taylor Lautner, Sheryl Crow, Shivaji, Francis Lalanne, John Dillinger, Angie Dickinson, Ian Anderson (musician), Yasser Arafat... List of all the celebrities having the Moon in 22° Taurus.
* A planet less than 1° from the next House cusp is considered to be posited in the said House. 2° when the AS and the MC are involved
Stefaan Maene (born May 13, 1972 in Oostende) is a former backstroke and medley swimmer from Belgium, who competed for his native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. He won his first international medal at the inaugural 1993 FINA Short Course World Championships in Palma de Mallorca: bronze in the 200m Backstroke. Two years later, at the European LC Championships 1995 in Vienna, Austria, Maene gained bronze in the 100m Backstroke.
Disclaimer: these short excerpts of astrological charts are computer processed. They are, by no means, of a personal nature. This principle is valid for the celebrities included in our database. These texts provide the meanings of planets, or combination of planets, in signs and in houses, as well as the interpretations of planetary dominants in line with modern Western astrology rules. Moreover, since Astrotheme is not a polemic website, no negative aspect which may damage the good reputation of a celebrity is posted here, unlike in the comprehensive astrological portrait.
Here are some character traits from Stefaan Maene's birth chart. This description is far from being comprehensive but it can shed light on his/her personality, which is still interesting for professional astrologers or astrology lovers.
In a matter of minutes, you can get at your email address your astrological portrait (approximately 32 pages), a much more comprehensive report than this portrait of Stefaan Maene.
When interpreting a natal chart, the best method is to start gradually from general features to specific ones. Thus, there is usually a plan to be followed, from the overall analysis of the chart and its structure, to the description of its different character traits.
In the first part, an overall analysis of the chart enables us to figure out the personality's main features and to emphasize several points that are confirmed or not in the detailed analysis: in any case, those general traits are taken into account. Human personality is an infinitely intricate entity and describing it is a complex task. Claiming to rapidly summarize it is illusory, although it does not mean that it is an impossible challenge. It is essential to read a natal chart several times in order to absorb all its different meanings and to grasp all this complexity. But the exercise is worthwhile.
In brief, a natal chart is composed of ten planets: two luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, three fast-moving or individual planets, Mercury, Venus and Mars, two slow-moving planets, Jupiter and Saturn, and three very slow-moving planets, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Additional secondary elements are: the Lunar Nodes, the Dark Moon or Lilith, Chiron and other minor objects. They are all posited on the Zodiac wheel consisting of twelve signs, from Aries to Pisces, and divided into twelve astrological houses.
The first step is to evaluate the importance of each planet. This is what we call identifying the dominant planets. This process obeys rules that depend on the astrologer's sensitivity and experience but it also has precise and steady bases: thus, we can take into account the parameters of a planet's activity (the number of active aspects a planet forms, the importance of each aspect according to its nature and its exactness), angularity parameters; (proximity to the four angles, Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant and Imum Coeli or Nadir, all of them being evaluated numerically, according to the kind of angle and the planet-angle distance) and quality parameters (rulership, exaltation, exile and fall). Finally, other criteria such as the rulership of the Ascendant and the Midheaven etc. are important.
These different criteria allow a planet to be highlighted and lead to useful conclusions when interpreting the chart.
The overall chart analysis begins with the observation of three sorts of planetary distributions in the chart: Eastern or Western hemisphere, Northern or Southern hemisphere, and quadrants (North-eastern, North-western, South-eastern and South-western). These three distributions give a general tone in terms of introversion and extraversion, willpower, sociability, and behavioural predispositions.
Then, there are three additional distributions: elements (called triplicity since there are three groups of signs for each one) - Fire, Air, Earth and Water - corresponding to a character typology, modality (or quadruplicity with four groups of signs for each one) - Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable - and polarity (Yin and Yang).
There are three types of dominants: dominant planets, dominant signs and dominant houses. The novice thinks astrology means only "to be Aries" or sometimes, for example, "to be Aries Ascendant Virgo". It is actually far more complex. Although the Sun and the Ascendant alone may reveal a large part of the character - approximately a third or a half of your psychological signature, a person is neither "just the Sun" (called the sign) nor just "the first house" (the Ascendant). Thus, a particular planet's influence may be significantly increased; a particular sign or house may contain a group of planets that will bring nuances and sometimes weaken the role of the Ascendant, of the Sun sign etc.
Lastly, there are two other criteria: accentuations (angular, succedent and cadent) which are a classification of astrological houses and types of decanates that are occupied (each sign is divided into three decanates of ten degrees each). They provide some additional informations.
These general character traits must not be taken literally; they are, somehow, preparing for the chart reading. They allow to understand the second part of the analysis, which is more detailed and precise. It focuses on every area of the personality and provides a synthesis of all the above-mentioned parameters according to sound hierarchical rules.
Each quadrant is a combination of the four hemispheres of your birth chart and relates to a character typology. The Southern hemisphere – the top of your chart, around the Midheaven – is associated with extraversion, action, and public life, whereas the Northern hemisphere prompts to introversion, reflexion, and private life. The Eastern hemisphere – the left part, around the Ascendant – is linked to your ego and your willpower, whereas the Western hemisphere indicates how other people influence you, and how flexible you are when you make a decision.
Stefaan Maene, the diurnal South-eastern quadrant, consisting of the 10th, 11th and 12th houses, prevails in your chart: assertion and goals achievement are at the centre of your concerns. You are very keen to implement your dreams and your plans. You achieve your ambitions as soon as possible, whether through an active social life, highly charged friendly relations, or an urge to take actions in order to reap - in the eyes of the world, of course - the rewards of your dynamism. It is likely that spirituality or humanitarian actions are part of your motivations, sometimes at the price of some degree of isolation.
Stefaan Maene, here are the graphs of your Elements and Modes, based on planets' position and angles in the twelve signs:
Like the majority of Earth signs, Stefaan Maene, you are efficient, concrete and not too emotional. What matters to you is what you see: you judge the tree by its fruits. Your ideas keep changing, words disappear, but actions and their consequences are visible and remain. Express your sensitivity, even if it means revealing your vulnerability. Emotions, energy and communication must not be neglected; concrete action is meaningless if it is not justified by your heart, your intellect or your enthusiasm.
Cheers for communication and mobility, Stefaan Maene! The predominance of Air signs in your chart favours and amplifies your taste for relations and for all kinds of short trips, whether real (travels) or symbolic (new ideas, mind speculations). You gain in flexibility and adaptability what you lose in self-assertion or in pragmatism.
Fire's qualities are not very present in your chart, with only 7.27% instead of the average 25%, which means that you may lack warmth, enthusiasm, conquering spirit, or energy. You may look indifferent to others, with almost no desire, no joy of life or no enterprising ability. Actually, it is not true, but you should let go, force yourself to be more daring, and show your amazement as well as your vitality. You certainly have as much energy as others, you just need to release it, and it is up to you to display more of it, since it will be all to your benefit: shout, sing, pull faces, dance! That's the right mean for you... In the end, you'll never be accused of being sad, phlegmatic or a killjoy!
The twelve zodiacal signs are split up into three groups or modes, called quadruplicities, a learned word meaning only that these three groups include four signs. The Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable modes are more or less represented in your natal chart, depending on planets' positions and importance, and on angles in the twelve signs.
The Fixed mode corresponds to a majority of elements in your chart, Stefaan Maene, and represents the desire for security and durability: you are able to concretely appreciate a situation and its stability. You definitely prefer to play the role of a loyal, obstinate and hard-working person, rather than to try new and risky experiences - beware, however, not to confuse obstinacy with intransigence. You structure, cement, and strengthen everything you find on your way: it is your nature, although you are not especially interested in swiftness: slow and steady...
Houses are split up into three groups: angular, succedent and cadent.
The first ones are the most important ones, the most "noticeable" and energetic houses. They are the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th houses. Their cuspides correspond to four famous angles: Ascendant for the 1st house, Imum Coeli for the 4th house, Descendant, opposite the Ascendant, for the 7th house and Midheaven for the 10th house, opposite the Imum Coeli.
Planets are evaluated according to a whole set of criteria that includes comprehensive Western astrology rules. At their turn, planets emphasize specific types of houses, signs, repartitions etc., as previously explained.
Cadent houses, namely the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th houses, are very emphasized in your chart, Stefaan Maene. They indicate important potential for communication, adaptability and flexibility. These houses are symbolically linked to the mind and intellect. The relative weakness implied by these characteristics indicates your tendency to hesitate or to be indecisive, but also your remarkable ability to start off again, which is a nice quality, finally: you can easily get yourself out of a tight spot thanks to your mobility and casualness, in the best sense of the term. This group of houses corresponds to evolutionary characteristics of your personality. However, they are only indications and you must include them in the rest of your chart in order to see whether they are validated or not!
N.B.: this dominant is a minor one.
The issue of dominant planets has existed since the mists of time in astrology: how nice it would be if a person could be described with a few words and one or several planets that would represent their character, without having to analyse such elements as rulerships, angularities, houses, etc!
The ten planets - the Sun throughout Pluto - are a bit like ten characters in a role-play, each one has its own personality, its own way of acting, its own strengths and weaknesses. They actually represent a classification into ten distinct personalities, and astrologers have always tried to associate one or several dominant planets to a natal chart as well as dominant signs and houses.
Indeed, it is quite the same situation with signs and houses. If planets symbolize characters, signs represent hues - the mental, emotional and physical structures of an individual. The sign in which a planet is posited is like a character whose features are modified according to the place where he lives. In a chart, there are usually one, two or three highlighted signs that allow to rapidly describe its owner.
Regarding astrological houses, the principle is even simpler: the twelve houses correspond to twelve fields of life, and planets tenanting any given house increase that house's importance and highlight all relevant life departments: it may be marriage, work, friendship etc.
In your natal chart, Stefaan Maene, the ten main planets are distributed as follows:
The three most important planets in your chart are Saturn, the Moon and Mercury.
Saturn is part of your dominant planets: among the facets of your character, you have a grave and serious side, wise and somewhat severe, since your concentration can be powerful, to the detriment of carelessness and friendliness.
You often look austere, but it is only an appearance, a kind of modesty or reserve; however, it is true that the Saturnian, who is fond of time, effort, asceticism, rigour and sobriety, may have popularity issues. Nevertheless, honesty and straightforwardness, reliability, as well as slow, wise and deep mental process, although not very popular and visible qualities, eventually become noticed and appreciated. Saturnians' second part of life is usually easier and more fulfilling.
Like the Jupiterian, your Saturnian facet prompts you to seek the essential, security, and longevity. However, the difference with the former is that you will never give priority to wealth or "the bigger, the better" philosophy for the sake of power. Saturn, like Jupiter, symbolizes social integration, and it is usually considered positive to have a harmonic Jupiter and Saturn in one's chart because of their social adaptation capacities.
Your vulnerability lies in your too serious and austere side, which may lead to unwanted loneliness and affective frustration. This generally does not last because Saturnians often hide deep down a golden heart that ends up revealing itself...
The Moon is one of the most important planets in your chart and endows you with a receptive, emotive, and imaginative nature. You have an innate ability to instinctively absorb atmospheres and impressions that nurture you, and as a result, you are often dreaming your life away rather than actually living it.
One of the consequences of your spontaneity may turn into popularity, or even fame: the crowd is a living and complex entity, and it always appreciates truth and sincerity rather than calculation and total self-control.
As a Lunar character, you find it difficult to control yourself, you have to deal with your moods, and you must be careful not to stay passive in front of events: nothing is handed on a plate, and although your sensitivity is rich, even richer than most people's, you must make a move and spare some of your energy for... action!
With Mercury among your dominant planets, you are certainly cerebral, nervous, swift, curious, quick-witted, and you love to communicate. Your psychological pattern is intellectual, all the more so since Mercury is important, with its whole set of assets but also of weaknesses, obviously.
Your sensitivity, emotions, and heart's impulses give precedence to thinking, which can lead people to believe that you are a playful and witty but heartless person, intellectualizing situations and juggling with words and numbers whilst ignoring human aspects of things. Of course, it is said that cats always land on their feet - this is your Mercurian strength and your trump card!
Your weakness lies in your nervousness, and you may miss your goal because of your "over-intellectualization" that may be detrimental to other kind of energies such as instinct, spontaneity, heart, sensitivity, etc.
In your natal chart, the three most important signs - according to criteria mentioned above - are in decreasing order of strength Taurus, Gemini and Cancer. In general, these signs are important because your Ascendant or your Sun is located there. But this is not always the case: there may be a cluster of planets, or a planet may be near an angle other than the Midheaven or Ascendant. It may also be because two or three planets are considered to be very active because they form numerous aspects from these signs.
Thus, you display some of the three signs' characteristics, a bit like a superposition of features on the rest of your chart, and it is all the more so if the sign is emphasized.
With the Taurus sign so important in your chart, you are constructive, stable, and sensual. Good taste, sense of beauty, manners, and unfailing good sense - all these qualities contribute to your charm and seductive power. Furthermore, if some people criticize your slow pace and your stubbornness, you rightly reply that this is the price for your security, and that you like the way it is - slow and steady....
With Gemini as a dominant sign, your qualities include being lively, curious, mobile, clever, and flexible: you often make others dizzy, and you may come across as a dilettante - a bit inquisitive, shallow, and insensitive because you may be too intellectualizing. However, your natural curiosity, a nice quality, and your quick humour, allow you to demonstrate to everyone how much they may gain from your company, and that your apparent flightiness hides an appetite (particularly mental) for life, which itself conceals a terrific charm!
Cancer is one of your dominant signs and endows you with imagination and exceptionally shrewd sensitivity. Although suspicious at first sight - and even at second...- as soon as you get familiar with people and let them win your confidence, your golden heart eventually shows up, despite your discretion and your desire for security that make you return into your shell at the slightest alert! Actually, you are a poet and if you are sometimes blamed for your nostalgia and your laziness, it is because your intense inner life is at full throttle...
The 12th, 2nd and 1st houses are the most prominent ones in your birth chart. From the analysis of the most tenanted houses, the astrologer identifies your most significant fields or spheres of activity. They deal with what you are experiencing - or what you will be brought to experience one day - or they deal with your inner motivations.
The 12th house is emphasized in your chart: like the 8th house, it has a rich and complex meaning. Although its bad reputation is likely to scare most readers in the first place - it is indeed the house of hidden or isolated places, of solitude, of ordeals or enemies - it can also mean that a part of your life is very deep and intense. If your achievements are not visible in the public eye, you may fulfil yourself in a different but equally important way: you may be involved in secret activities, humanitarian causes, and projects in favour of disadvantaged people. You are likely to work in quiet and remote places. In many cases, you will gain from these hidden activities as many treasures as people who have a more public destiny. It may be because you sublimate your work, or only because you successfully carry out your task within your environment. There is no such things as a good or a bad house, because each area of life is necessary in its own way, and we need all of them, if we are to improve spiritually.
The 2nd house is among your three most tenanted houses: life's material aspects - with everything that is implied in terms of security, appetite for life, desire for possession - are deep-seated and you can never be content with living on love and fresh air. On a more abstract level, you may have similar feelings regarding relationships: possessiveness and jealousy in the worst cases, but also faithfulness and durability.
With a dominant 1st house, your magnetism is powerful, and your individuality as well as your willpower are out of the ordinary. You are a determined, strong-willed, and assertive person, with this relative criterion at least.
It is likely that you never go unnoticed when you are in a crowd or a in reunion: an important 1st house suggests that you are a charismatic person with above average vital energy, especially if the Sun is present in this sector.
Your personal interests are always important and you never forget them, which doesn't mean that you are self-centered, but only that you behave according to what is in harmony with your deep nature!
After this paragraph about dominant planets, of Stefaan Maene, here are the character traits that you must read more carefully than the previous texts since they are very specific: the texts about dominant planets only give background information about the personality and remain quite general: they emphasize or, on the contrary, mitigate different particularities or facets of a personality. A human being is a complex whole and only bodies of texts can attempt to successfully figure out all the finer points.
Amoureux de la nature tout autant que de votre confort, vous êtes Stefaan Maene, un épicurien désireux de profiter des belles et bonnes choses de la vie au sein d'un "clan" familial ou amical qui apprécie votre convivialité et votre amabilité. Fidèle, stable, les pieds sur terre, vous êtes quelqu'un sur qui l'on peut compter en toute circonstance. Attaché à votre sécurité affective et matérielle, la jalousie et la possessivité ne vous sont pas étrangères et vous pouvez, bien que de nature plutôt lente, vous montrer très rapidement colérique et agressif lorsque vous vous sentez menacé dans ces domaines. Vous ferez alors preuve d'un entêtement et d'une fureur rares et l'on aura bien du mal à vous faire changer d'avis. Même si vous êtes conscient que votre attitude n'est pas réellement adaptée, vous camperez sur vos positions et garderez une rancune tenace. Vous êtes cependant si sensible à la tendresse et aux marques concrètes d'affection qu'avec quelques cadeaux ou câlins, vous finirez bien par revoir tout en rose...
Stefaan Maene, vous avez du mal à montrer ce que vous ressentez, ou bien tout simplement vous considérez que cela vous appartient et que cela n'a pas à être exposé. Quoiqu'il en soit, même si vos émotions sont riches et profondes, elles sont ressenties intérieurement surtout et... (excerpt)
Votre esprit est calme et pondéré ; même si vous assimilez lentement les choses, votre mémoire est considérable. Votre jugement est basé sur la réflexion et la raison et s'appuie toujours sur l'expérience. Vous êtes, Stefaan Maene, un bon conseiller, quelqu'un sur qui l'on peut compter et à qui l'on peut se confier en toute discrétion. Plein de bon sens, prudent, méthodique et discipliné, vous pouvez mener à bien des projets constructifs, d'autant que vous serez souvent très déterminé dans vos opinions et vos actions. Mais une certaine tendance à l'intolérance et aux idées préconçues risque parfois de choquer votre entourage qui aimerait vous voir faire preuve de plus de souplesse au lieu de refuser en bloc tout ce qui n'est pas immédiatement vérifiable. Vous vous exprimez généralement avec beaucoup de charme et cela vous permet certainement de mieux faire accepter à autrui vos habitudes bien établies.
Vos pensées, Stefaan Maene, restent souvent secrètes et pour des raisons qui viennent de votre éducation ou de votre propre nature, vous ne communiquez qu'avec discrétion et parcimonie. En fait, vous vous intéressez souvent à des buts nobles et compassionnels, sans en faire aucune publicité évidemment. Votre force... (excerpt)
Dans votre thème, le Soleil est en Taureau, Vénus en Cancer. Un point commun évident se dégage d'un tel couple zodiacal : le désir de quiétude, la soif de tranquillité. Pour des raisons différentes toutefois. Avec le Soleil en Taureau, rien ne peut être remis en cause qui n'ait été préalablement exploité, goûté, dégusté... souci d'économie oblige, en amour comme ailleurs ! La Vénus en Cancer induit elle aussi un besoin de sérénité : parce que la subtilité d'une relation échappe au regard seulement curieux, aux premiers instants. Parce que l'essentiel est d'intégrer - avec le temps et en douceur - le mode de fonctionnement de l'autre. Pourtant, vous ne perdrez jamais vraiment le scepticisme, la méfiance et le caractère réfractaire du Taureau. Mais vous avez l'art d'instaurer un climat d'intimité dans lequel vous pouvez laisser votre imaginaire vagabonder sans heurt. Parfois. Car cette configuration présente, comme toute autre, ses risques : celui tout d'abord de cloîtrer la relation (Merlin...) dans une prison d'amour... Et de lasser un partenaire assoiffé de tumultes passionnels. Risque aussi de perdre les repères objectifs qui nous font supporter sans broncher les aléas et les imperfections de toute vie commune. Si vous évitez les pièges d'une logique uniquement subjective et d'une démarche par trop possessive, la qualité de vos attachements et la subtilité de votre univers feront alors merveille.}
Stefaan Maene, vous êtes à la fois sensible, vulnérable et tendre. Quand vous aimez, c'est avec toute votre affection et c'est en toute confiance que votre partenaire peut s'abandonner dans une relation durable et sécurisante avec vous. Vous êtes si tranquille et tendre que vous pensez que cela suffit à gagner le coeur de votre partenaire, et vous avez souvent raison. Mais surtout, ne confondez pas donner et recevoir, vous avez tant besoin d'être aimé en retour que vous risquez d'être parfois un peu passif et à force d'être un peu exigeant, vous pouvez montrer un peu d'immaturité. La sécurité et la durée de la relation sont primordiales pour vous ainsi que votre famille, qui est un refuge et même presque un sanctuaire où vous aimez vous cacher quand rien ne va plus. Vous rêvez aussi beaucoup d'amour, peut-être même trop, au détriment de ce que vous pourriez vivre concrètement si vous étiez un peu plus dynamique ou moins craintif d'être blessé mais rappelez-vous que l'on ne reçoit que si l'on donne.
Stefaan Maene, vous faites en général un lien entre l'aspect possessif des choses et vos sentiments; pour vous, ceux-ci vont s'exprimer d'abord lentement mais vont se fixer petit à petit et prendre de la profondeur dès que vous commencez à vous attacher. Vous avez besoin alors d'être... (excerpt)
The ruler of the Ascendant, also referred to as the chart ruler, brings a few interesting nuances to the meanings provided by the Sun and the Ascendant. The sign in which the ruler of the Ascendant is posited fine-tunes the style of personality described by the Sun and the Ascendant. It may strengthen it if the sign is identical to either of them.
The ruler of your Ascendant is in the same sign as your Sun. This specific feature means that the Sun's characteristics in sign previously delineated are strengthened.
Stefaan Maene, votre désir d'accomplissement passe par une forme un peu particulière et originale, dans le sens que vous ne pouvez résister à l'attrait du mystère et d'un certain retrait par rapport aux évènements et aux situations. Vos penchants naturels vous poussent souvent à vous isoler et... (excerpt)
Plus sensible que vous est difficile, Stefaan Maene, ce qui fait que vous pouvez souvent contenir une certaine agressivité que vous aurez en général du mal à extérioriser. Vous êtes habituellement plutôt passif et votre force tient davantage de l'inertie et de la résistance que du déploiement vers l'action. Vous êtes d'humeur changeante et comme vous ne montrez que peu de choses de vous, vous surprenez en réagissant à contre-temps, si tardivement alors que les autres n'ont plus le souvenir de ce qui vous avait troublé à l'origine. Le seul domaine où vous pouvez avec bonheur exprimer toute votre ardeur ou votre action est celui de votre foyer ou, dans un sens plus symbolique, dans le domaine que vous avez sécurisé auparavant : en d'autres mots, vous avez besoin de confiance pour agir, dans le domaine concret aussi bien que celui de votre sexualité.
Stefaan Maene, votre capacité d'action est parfaitement bien adaptée pour votre enrichissement personnel, pour gagner de l'argent pour dire le mot ! Vous vous battez facilement pour acquérir, pour gagner votre sécurité matérielle, il s'agit pour vous de la meilleure façon de dépenser votre énergie : il... (excerpt)
This text is only an excerpt from the portrait of of Stefaan Maene, which we hope will inspire you to deepen your knowledge of astrology.
Regarding the sources of the birth data in our possession, kindly note that the pages we publish constitute a starting point for more detailed research, even though they seem useful to us. When the sources are contradictory, which occurs rarely, after having analysed them, we choose the most reliable one. Sometimes, we publish a birth date just because it is made available, but we do not claim that is it the best one, by no means.