You will find below the horoscope of Daniel J. Evans with his interactive chart, an excerpt of his astrological portrait and his planetary dominants.
Additional information on the source of the birth time is sometimes available in the biography excerpt below.
Horoscopes having the same Big Three (Sun in Libra, Moon in Libra, Ascendant in Libra) : Arthur Rimbaud, Matt Bomer, Alphonsus Maria de Liguori, Martin Kemp, Léon Boëllmann, Walther Rathenau, Inocêncio de Oliveira, Marcello Abbado, Jeff Barnd... List of all the celebrities having the same Big Three.
Horoscopes having the same aspect Neptune sextile Ascendant (orb 0°31'): Beyoncé Knowles, Keanu Reeves, Kurt Cobain, Billie Eilish, Sharon Stone, Joe Biden, Grace Kelly, 14th Dalai Lama, Sophie Marceau... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.
Horoscopes having the same aspect Mercury square Midheaven (orb 0°58'): Madonna, Catherine, Princess of Wales, Adele (singer), Grace Kelly, Carla Bruni Sarkozy, Niall Horan, Muhammad Ali, Melanie Martinez (singer), Nicolas Cage... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.
Celebrities born the same day: John Mayer, Oscar Wilde, Charles Leclerc (racing driver), Andrei Chikatilo, Flea (musician), Christophe Maé, Elie Semoun, Tim Robbins, Nico (singer)... List of all the celebrities born on October 16.
Horoscopes having the Moon in 8° Libra : Dalida, Sylvia Plath, Sid Vicious, Burt Reynolds, Rudolf Nureyev, Chloe Bailey, Nicole Brown Simpson, Manuel Ferrara, Michel Legrand... List of all the celebrities having the Moon in 8° Libra.
* A planet less than 1° from the next House cusp is considered to be posited in the said House. 2° when the AS and the MC are involved
Daniel Jackson Evans (born October 16, 1925) served three terms as governor of the state of Washington from 1965 to 1977, and represented the state in the United States Senate from 1983 to 1989.
Evans was seriously considered for the Republican vice presidential nomination on the ticket with Gerald Ford in 1976 (but lost out to Bob Dole); Richard Nixon in 1968 had also hinted at a possible Evans nomination for the vice presidency. At the 1968 Republican National Convention (where he gave the keynote address) Evans refused to endorse Nixon for the presidential nomination, remaining a supporter of the doomed candidacy of Nelson Rockefeller.
Disclaimer: these short excerpts of astrological charts are computer processed. They are, by no means, of a personal nature. This principle is valid for the celebrities included in our database. These texts provide the meanings of planets, or combination of planets, in signs and in houses, as well as the interpretations of planetary dominants in line with modern Western astrology rules. Moreover, since Astrotheme is not a polemic website, no negative aspect which may damage the good reputation of a celebrity is posted here, unlike in the comprehensive astrological portrait.
Here are some character traits from Daniel J. Evans's birth chart. This description is far from being comprehensive but it can shed light on his/her personality, which is still interesting for professional astrologers or astrology lovers.
In a matter of minutes, you can get at your email address your astrological portrait (approximately 32 pages), a much more comprehensive report than this portrait of Daniel J. Evans.
When interpreting a natal chart, the best method is to start gradually from general features to specific ones. Thus, there is usually a plan to be followed, from the overall analysis of the chart and its structure, to the description of its different character traits.
In the first part, an overall analysis of the chart enables us to figure out the personality's main features and to emphasize several points that are confirmed or not in the detailed analysis: in any case, those general traits are taken into account. Human personality is an infinitely intricate entity and describing it is a complex task. Claiming to rapidly summarize it is illusory, although it does not mean that it is an impossible challenge. It is essential to read a natal chart several times in order to absorb all its different meanings and to grasp all this complexity. But the exercise is worthwhile.
In brief, a natal chart is composed of ten planets: two luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, three fast-moving or individual planets, Mercury, Venus and Mars, two slow-moving planets, Jupiter and Saturn, and three very slow-moving planets, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Additional secondary elements are: the Lunar Nodes, the Dark Moon or Lilith, Chiron and other minor objects. They are all posited on the Zodiac wheel consisting of twelve signs, from Aries to Pisces, and divided into twelve astrological houses.
The first step is to evaluate the importance of each planet. This is what we call identifying the dominant planets. This process obeys rules that depend on the astrologer's sensitivity and experience but it also has precise and steady bases: thus, we can take into account the parameters of a planet's activity (the number of active aspects a planet forms, the importance of each aspect according to its nature and its exactness), angularity parameters; (proximity to the four angles, Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant and Imum Coeli or Nadir, all of them being evaluated numerically, according to the kind of angle and the planet-angle distance) and quality parameters (rulership, exaltation, exile and fall). Finally, other criteria such as the rulership of the Ascendant and the Midheaven etc. are important.
These different criteria allow a planet to be highlighted and lead to useful conclusions when interpreting the chart.
The overall chart analysis begins with the observation of three sorts of planetary distributions in the chart: Eastern or Western hemisphere, Northern or Southern hemisphere, and quadrants (North-eastern, North-western, South-eastern and South-western). These three distributions give a general tone in terms of introversion and extraversion, willpower, sociability, and behavioural predispositions.
Then, there are three additional distributions: elements (called triplicity since there are three groups of signs for each one) - Fire, Air, Earth and Water - corresponding to a character typology, modality (or quadruplicity with four groups of signs for each one) - Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable - and polarity (Yin and Yang).
There are three types of dominants: dominant planets, dominant signs and dominant houses. The novice thinks astrology means only "to be Aries" or sometimes, for example, "to be Aries Ascendant Virgo". It is actually far more complex. Although the Sun and the Ascendant alone may reveal a large part of the character - approximately a third or a half of your psychological signature, a person is neither "just the Sun" (called the sign) nor just "the first house" (the Ascendant). Thus, a particular planet's influence may be significantly increased; a particular sign or house may contain a group of planets that will bring nuances and sometimes weaken the role of the Ascendant, of the Sun sign etc.
Lastly, there are two other criteria: accentuations (angular, succedent and cadent) which are a classification of astrological houses and types of decanates that are occupied (each sign is divided into three decanates of ten degrees each). They provide some additional informations.
These general character traits must not be taken literally; they are, somehow, preparing for the chart reading. They allow to understand the second part of the analysis, which is more detailed and precise. It focuses on every area of the personality and provides a synthesis of all the above-mentioned parameters according to sound hierarchical rules.
Each quadrant is a combination of the four hemispheres of your birth chart and relates to a character typology. The Southern hemisphere – the top of your chart, around the Midheaven – is associated with extraversion, action, and public life, whereas the Northern hemisphere prompts to introversion, reflexion, and private life. The Eastern hemisphere – the left part, around the Ascendant – is linked to your ego and your willpower, whereas the Western hemisphere indicates how other people influence you, and how flexible you are when you make a decision.
Daniel J. Evans, the diurnal South-eastern quadrant, consisting of the 10th, 11th and 12th houses, prevails in your chart: assertion and goals achievement are at the centre of your concerns. You are very keen to implement your dreams and your plans. You achieve your ambitions as soon as possible, whether through an active social life, highly charged friendly relations, or an urge to take actions in order to reap - in the eyes of the world, of course - the rewards of your dynamism. It is likely that spirituality or humanitarian actions are part of your motivations, sometimes at the price of some degree of isolation.
Daniel J. Evans, here are the graphs of your Elements and Modes, based on planets' position and angles in the twelve signs:
Cheers for communication and mobility, Daniel J. Evans! The predominance of Air signs in your chart favours and amplifies your taste for relations and for all kinds of short trips, whether real (travels) or symbolic (new ideas, mind speculations). You gain in flexibility and adaptability what you lose in self-assertion or in pragmatism.
Daniel J. Evans, Fire is dominant in your natal chart and endows you with intuition, energy, courage, self-confidence, and enthusiasm! You are inclined to be passionate, you assert your willpower, you move forward, and come hell or high water, you achieve your dreams and your goals. The relative weakness of this element is the difficulty to step back or a kind of boldness that may prompt you to do foolish things.
Earth qualities are under-represented in your chart, with only 4.86% instead of the average 25%. Deficiency in Earth may indicate that you have no interest in material and concrete values. It is likely that you live too much in your heart or in your mind, or even in your enthusiasm! The fact remains that you may end up in tricky situations, due to your lack of good sense or forethought: material life is unavoidable even if you are rather idealistic, dreamy, or easily content. You must tackle concrete life necessities, for fear of... being forced to cope with them, later, in much more unpleasant ways!
The twelve zodiacal signs are split up into three groups or modes, called quadruplicities, a learned word meaning only that these three groups include four signs. The Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable modes are more or less represented in your natal chart, depending on planets' positions and importance, and on angles in the twelve signs.
Daniel J. Evans, the Cardinal mode is dominant here and indicates a predisposition to action, and more exactly, to impulsion and to undertake: you are very keen to implement the plans you have in mind, to get things going and to create them. This is the most important aspect that inspires enthusiasm and adrenalin in you, without which you can grow weary rapidly. You are individualistic (maybe too much?) and assertive. You let others strengthen and improve the constructions which you built with fervour.
Houses are split up into three groups: angular, succedent and cadent.
The first ones are the most important ones, the most "noticeable" and energetic houses. They are the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th houses. Their cuspides correspond to four famous angles: Ascendant for the 1st house, Imum Coeli for the 4th house, Descendant, opposite the Ascendant, for the 7th house and Midheaven for the 10th house, opposite the Imum Coeli.
Planets are evaluated according to a whole set of criteria that includes comprehensive Western astrology rules. At their turn, planets emphasize specific types of houses, signs, repartitions etc., as previously explained.
Your angular houses, namely, the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th houses, are very emphasized in your chart, Daniel J. Evans: according to the Tradition, they are the strongest and most dynamic houses. Should the rest of your chart concur, angular houses suggest that you are an enterprising, energetic and assertive man. Indeed, angular houses are said to generate impulsions and to give a powerful and domineering personality.
Unusual fates are often linked to a predominance of angular houses, but this is only a partial indication...
N.B.: this dominant is a minor one.
The issue of dominant planets has existed since the mists of time in astrology: how nice it would be if a person could be described with a few words and one or several planets that would represent their character, without having to analyse such elements as rulerships, angularities, houses, etc!
The ten planets - the Sun throughout Pluto - are a bit like ten characters in a role-play, each one has its own personality, its own way of acting, its own strengths and weaknesses. They actually represent a classification into ten distinct personalities, and astrologers have always tried to associate one or several dominant planets to a natal chart as well as dominant signs and houses.
Indeed, it is quite the same situation with signs and houses. If planets symbolize characters, signs represent hues - the mental, emotional and physical structures of an individual. The sign in which a planet is posited is like a character whose features are modified according to the place where he lives. In a chart, there are usually one, two or three highlighted signs that allow to rapidly describe its owner.
Regarding astrological houses, the principle is even simpler: the twelve houses correspond to twelve fields of life, and planets tenanting any given house increase that house's importance and highlight all relevant life departments: it may be marriage, work, friendship etc.
In your natal chart, Daniel J. Evans, the ten main planets are distributed as follows:
The three most important planets in your chart are the Sun, Mercury and Venus.
One of the dominant planets in your natal chart is the Sun. He symbolizes will, magnetism, sense of honour and dignity. You are a Solar being, and you often display charismatic and leadership qualities. Your warmth and your persuasive power lead you far away from pettiness. You enjoy thinking big and, consequently, you move forward according to what you decide.
Your Solarian weakness may be related to the sin of pride or to excessive authority. The frontier between pride and vanity is tenuous: be careful not to overstep it and to keep the nobleness of heart that is part of your charm.
With Mercury among your dominant planets, you are certainly cerebral, nervous, swift, curious, quick-witted, and you love to communicate. Your psychological pattern is intellectual, all the more so since Mercury is important, with its whole set of assets but also of weaknesses, obviously.
Your sensitivity, emotions, and heart's impulses give precedence to thinking, which can lead people to believe that you are a playful and witty but heartless person, intellectualizing situations and juggling with words and numbers whilst ignoring human aspects of things. Of course, it is said that cats always land on their feet - this is your Mercurian strength and your trump card!
Your weakness lies in your nervousness, and you may miss your goal because of your "over-intellectualization" that may be detrimental to other kind of energies such as instinct, spontaneity, heart, sensitivity, etc.
With Venus among your dominant planets, one of your first reflexes is... to please! Your look, your charm, and your seduction are omnipresent elements in your behaviour.
Your approach to things is connected to your heart, and for you, no real communication can flow if your interlocutors exude no sympathy or warmth. Cold and logical reasoning, clear thoughts and good sense are not important to you: if there is no affective bond with your environment, no connection can be established with the Venusian that you are, and nothing happens.
You have a strong artistic side, and you never neglect subjective but clear concepts such as pleasure, beauty, and also sensuality. However, sometimes to the detriment of efficiency, durability, logic, and... detachment.
In your natal chart, the three most important signs - according to criteria mentioned above - are in decreasing order of strength Libra, Sagittarius and Leo. In general, these signs are important because your Ascendant or your Sun is located there. But this is not always the case: there may be a cluster of planets, or a planet may be near an angle other than the Midheaven or Ascendant. It may also be because two or three planets are considered to be very active because they form numerous aspects from these signs.
Thus, you display some of the three signs' characteristics, a bit like a superposition of features on the rest of your chart, and it is all the more so if the sign is emphasized.
With Libra as a dominant sign in your natal chart, you love to please, to charm, and to be likeable. Moreover, you are naturally inclined towards tolerance and moderation, as well as elegance and tact, as if you were meant to please! Of course, you always find malcontents who criticize your lack of authenticity or of courage and your half-heartedness, but your aim is to be liked, and in this field, you are an unrivalled champion!
Sagittarius, an adventurous and conquering fire sign, is dominant in your chart: you are enthusiastic, enterprising, optimistic, very sociable, and mobile - you have itchy feet, both physically and mentally. Nobody gets bored with you because you are always planning things and suggesting excursions, at least... when you are around and not already gone on a trip! Obviously, so many movements for one man may scare people off, and some of them may even criticize your brutality or your tendency to loose your temper, but you are so warm and genuine, so expansive, isn't this a good thing? And all the more so, since your sense of humour is overwhelming...
With Leo as a dominant sign, you naturally shine brightly. Your dignity, your sense of honour, and your generosity can almost turn you into a solar mythological hero, a knight or a lord from the ancient times. People may blame you for your selfishness, your pride or your somewhat loud authority, but if you are self-confident, kind-hearted and strong-willed, it surely makes up for your little flaws, as long as they remain moderate...
The 1st, 12th and 2nd houses are the most prominent ones in your birth chart. From the analysis of the most tenanted houses, the astrologer identifies your most significant fields or spheres of activity. They deal with what you are experiencing - or what you will be brought to experience one day - or they deal with your inner motivations.
With a dominant 1st house, your magnetism is powerful, and your individuality as well as your willpower are out of the ordinary. You are a determined, strong-willed, and assertive person, with this relative criterion at least.
It is likely that you never go unnoticed when you are in a crowd or a in reunion: an important 1st house suggests that you are a charismatic person with above average vital energy, especially if the Sun is present in this sector.
Your personal interests are always important and you never forget them, which doesn't mean that you are self-centered, but only that you behave according to what is in harmony with your deep nature!
The 12th house is emphasized in your chart: like the 8th house, it has a rich and complex meaning. Although its bad reputation is likely to scare most readers in the first place - it is indeed the house of hidden or isolated places, of solitude, of ordeals or enemies - it can also mean that a part of your life is very deep and intense. If your achievements are not visible in the public eye, you may fulfil yourself in a different but equally important way: you may be involved in secret activities, humanitarian causes, and projects in favour of disadvantaged people. You are likely to work in quiet and remote places. In many cases, you will gain from these hidden activities as many treasures as people who have a more public destiny. It may be because you sublimate your work, or only because you successfully carry out your task within your environment. There is no such things as a good or a bad house, because each area of life is necessary in its own way, and we need all of them, if we are to improve spiritually.
The 2nd house is among your three most tenanted houses: life's material aspects - with everything that is implied in terms of security, appetite for life, desire for possession - are deep-seated and you can never be content with living on love and fresh air. On a more abstract level, you may have similar feelings regarding relationships: possessiveness and jealousy in the worst cases, but also faithfulness and durability.
After this paragraph about dominant planets, of Daniel J. Evans, here are the character traits that you must read more carefully than the previous texts since they are very specific: the texts about dominant planets only give background information about the personality and remain quite general: they emphasize or, on the contrary, mitigate different particularities or facets of a personality. A human being is a complex whole and only bodies of texts can attempt to successfully figure out all the finer points.
Vous êtes sensible Daniel J. Evans à la beauté des choses et vos réactions émotionnelles sont souvent d'ordre esthétique car vous recherchez, jusque dans les apparences, l'équilibre et l'harmonie si nécessaires à votre bien-être. Vous identifiant avec une grande facilité aux uns et aux autres, vous êtes doué pour mettre en valeur ce qu'il y a de meilleur en eux et résoudre avec tact et diplomatie leurs problèmes. Mais, pesant toujours le pour et le contre et essayant de dire ou faire ce qui plait à vos interlocuteurs, vous risquez de développer une trop grande dépendance aux autres tant vous souhaitez leur approbation. Cette indécision constante peut être difficile à vivre autant pour vous-même que pour votre entourage car elle vous pousse plus à la contemplation qu'à la création et vous êtes souvent tenté de remettre à plus tard ce que vous avez à faire, à moins que vous ne préfériez user de votre charme pour que l'on se décide à faire le travail à votre place. Mais tant que règne l'harmonie... n'est-ce pas l'essentiel ?
Daniel J. Evans, vous avez du mal à montrer ce que vous ressentez, ou bien tout simplement vous considérez que cela vous appartient et que cela n'a pas à être exposé. Quoiqu'il en soit, même si vos émotions sont riches et profondes, elles sont ressenties intérieurement surtout et... (excerpt)
Votre mode de pensée Daniel J. Evans est plutôt lent car vous avez besoin de temps et de tranquillité afin de tenir compte des idées et opinions de chacun, peser le pour et le contre et parvenir enfin à prendre la décision qui vous semble être la plus équitable, la plus juste et la plus équilibrée. En effet, refusant tout comportement fanatique et extrémiste, vous êtes toujours à la recherche du juste milieu. Mais, même si l'on s'accorde à reconnaître votre tolérance, votre sens de la logique et votre don pour la conciliation, on vous reprochera souvent une trop grande indécision et une nette tendance à toujours reporter vos choix à plus tard. Vous aurez alors parfois besoin que l'on vous encourage et que l'on vous pousse à agir pour pouvoir lutter contre cette attitude quelque peu fataliste que l'on pourrait assimiler à de la paresse. N'attendez donc pas tant l'approbation d'autrui, exprimez-vous davantage et agissez...
Votre intellect et votre communication ne s'expriment pas vers tel ou tel domaine particulier, Daniel J. Evans : vous êtes en effet par vous-même curieux, vif, mobile et votre nature s'adapte en général remarquablement bien à l'environnement qui vous entoure. Cette polyvalence de votre personnalité vous permet de vous... (excerpt)
Dans votre thème, le Soleil est en Balance, Vénus en Sagittaire. L'amour est fait de découvertes et de valeurs communes : vos signes solaire et vénusien soulignent un caractère associatif marqué. L'échange constitue la base de vos comportements, y compris sur le plan affectif. Un Soleil en Balance sensibilise au regard de l'autre, au soutien inconditionnel d'un partenaire idéalisé, voire adulé. Une Vénus en Sagittaire accentue ce désir d'échange. Ainsi, votre affectivité se nourrit des différences. Loin de constituer un obstacle, les éventuels antagonismes enrichissent une relation de couple jamais figée. Vous serez plus que d'autres à même de suivre votre partenaire, d'épouser son mode de vie. Le risque est peut-être d'oublier vos propres valeurs. Un certain manque de sélectivité peut s'avérer parfois préjudiciable à votre plein épanouissement personnel : il est plus facile de comprendre que de refuser, et plus naturel d'accepter une attitude étrangère à votre mode de fonctionnement que de préserver vos modèles envers et contre tout. Vous aurez fréquemment besoin qu'on vous étonne, qu'on sollicite votre faculté d'approbation. Le caméléon a la couleur du milieu dans lequel il évolue : de même, vous saurez adapter votre manière d'être aux exigences de l'autre. Loin de tout égocentrisme, vous jouez volontiers un rôle stimulant au sein du couple. Apparemment "facile à vivre", vous aurez cependant besoin d'un partenaire à la hauteur de votre désir de découvertes : une forme subtile d'exigence...
Affectivement, vous êtes Daniel J. Evans, ouvert, franc et spontané et vous vous liez facilement tant votre enthousiasme peut s'exprimer avec jovialité, sans détours et avec un respect des valeurs morales bien établies. Dans certains cas vous pouvez être en opposition avec votre milieu d'origine ou votre famille en raison de votre goût pour la liberté, le dépaysement ou toute forme d'indépendance et d'émancipation. Vos sentiments sont ardents et vous vous emballez assez rapidement mais par contre, cette facilité à vous lier vous prédispose en conséquence à une certaine instabilité ; en d'autres mots, la fidélité n'est pas votre priorité essentielle tant que vous n'avez pas encore rencontré l'âme soeur. Les conditions idéales pour vivre au mieux vos sentiments amoureux sont de vivre en couple avec une certaine mobilité, faire des voyages, profiter du grand air, ressentir à l'intérieur de votre relation amoureuse cette liberté et cette indépendance dont vous avez absolument besoin depuis votre enfance et à ce prix, l'harmonie et la fidélité seront au rendez-vous.
Daniel J. Evans, vous faites en général un lien entre l'aspect possessif des choses et vos sentiments; pour vous, ceux-ci vont s'exprimer d'abord lentement mais vont se fixer petit à petit et prendre de la profondeur dès que vous commencez à vous attacher. Vous avez besoin alors d'être... (excerpt)
The ruler of the Ascendant, also referred to as the chart ruler, brings a few interesting nuances to the meanings provided by the Sun and the Ascendant. The sign in which the ruler of the Ascendant is posited fine-tunes the style of personality described by the Sun and the Ascendant. It may strengthen it if the sign is identical to either of them.
The ruler of the Ascendant, Daniel J. Evans, is Venus. It is posited in the sign of Sagittarius and gives you a strong inclination for the open sea and for freedom. Loyal and benevolent, you put things into perspective, and you understand the true value of things, perhaps precisely because you travel - whether actually or mentally - and that stepping back from your intimate environment enables you to better perceive what is important and worthy.
Your sun is located in the same sign as your ascendant. Therefore, your external behaviour and your inner self are perfectly in harmony. Characteristics described in the previous chapter are strengthened and amplified.
Daniel J. Evans, votre désir d'accomplissement passe par une forme un peu particulière et originale, dans le sens que vous ne pouvez résister à l'attrait du mystère et d'un certain retrait par rapport aux évènements et aux situations. Vos penchants naturels vous poussent souvent à vous isoler et... (excerpt)
Daniel J. Evans, on ne peut pas dire que vous êtes spécialement agressif ! En réalité, il en faut généralement beaucoup pour vous puissiez exprimer votre colère car vous êtes plutôt du genre hésitant et peu enclin à prendre des risques ; en fait vous avez par dessus tout horreur de la violence et vous préférez laisser faire plutôt que d'intervenir. La modération et la juste mesure en toute chose ont nettement votre préférence. Un des rares domaines qui peut déclencher votre départ en guerre est peut-être lorsque vous constatez une grande injustice, qu'elle concerne vous-même ou quelqu'un de faible et désarmé. Dans le domaine de l'action comme celui de la sexualité, vous n'êtes pas spécialement impulsif et préférez nettement que votre partenaire vous montre la voie à suivre, avec sérénité et douceur si possible. A vrai dire, les formes et caractéristiques de votre libido sont beaucoup conditionnées par le reste de votre personnalité.
L'action pour vous, Daniel J. Evans, ne se conçoit, un peu curieusement d'ailleurs pour la plupart des gens, que d'une façon cachée ou secrète. C'est plutôt cet aspect des choses, la forme donc, qui importe par rapport à ce que vous allez accomplir effectivement. Pas de publicité sur... (excerpt)
This text is only an excerpt from the portrait of of Daniel J. Evans, which we hope will inspire you to deepen your knowledge of astrology.
Regarding the sources of the birth data in our possession, kindly note that the pages we publish constitute a starting point for more detailed research, even though they seem useful to us. When the sources are contradictory, which occurs rarely, after having analysed them, we choose the most reliable one. Sometimes, we publish a birth date just because it is made available, but we do not claim that is it the best one, by no means.