You will find below the horoscope of Liev Schreiber with his interactive chart, an excerpt of his astrological portrait and his planetary dominants.
Additional information on the source of the birth time is sometimes available in the biography excerpt below.
Horoscopes having the same Big Three (Sun in Libra, Moon in Libra, Ascendant in Scorpio) : K.N. Rao, Marjorie (L5), Art Tatum, Mohammed Merah, Alain-Dominique Perrin, Jil Caplan, Henri-Frédéric Amiel, Carmen Russo, Lucien Bérardini... List of all the celebrities having the same Big Three.
Horoscopes having the same aspect Pluto sextile Ascendant (orb 0°28'): Cristiano Ronaldo, Justin Timberlake, Björk, Michael Jordan, Jean-Marie Le Pen, Frida Kahlo, Sebastian Stan, Reese Witherspoon, Michael Fassbender... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.
Horoscopes having the same aspect Venus conjunction Midheaven (orb 0°33'): David Bowie, Victoria Beckham, Ashton Kutcher, Aaliyah, Brendan Fraser, Brooke Shields, Mitt Romney, Meg Ryan, François Bayrou... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.
Celebrities born the same day: Dakota Johnson, Alicia Silverstone, Susan Sarandon, Buster Keaton, Julien Clerc, Christoph Waltz, Charlton Heston, Belgium, Najat Vallaud-Belkacem... List of all the celebrities born on October 4.
Horoscopes having the Moon in 23° Libra : François Mitterrand, Bruce Springsteen, Linda Goodman, Shemar Moore, Emily Dickinson, Michael Caine, Austin Mahone, Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet, Benazir Bhutto... List of all the celebrities having the Moon in 23° Libra.
* A planet less than 1° from the next House cusp is considered to be posited in the said House. 2° when the AS and the MC are involved
Isaac Liev Schreiber (born October 4, 1967) is a Tony Award-winning American actor. He became known during the late 1990s and early 2000s, having initially appeared in several independent films, and later mainstream Hollywood films, including the Scream trilogy of horror films.
Early life
Schreiber was born in San Francisco, California, the son of Heather (née Milgram) and Tell Schreiber, a stage actor and director. His father is of Austrian, Irish, Swiss, and Scottish descent while his mother is Jewish, the descendant of immigrants from Poland, Ukraine and Germany. His mother claims that she named him after her favorite author, Leo Tolstoy, while his father claims that Schreiber was named after the doctor who saved his mother's life.
Disclaimer: these short excerpts of astrological charts are computer processed. They are, by no means, of a personal nature. This principle is valid for the celebrities included in our database. These texts provide the meanings of planets, or combination of planets, in signs and in houses, as well as the interpretations of planetary dominants in line with modern Western astrology rules. Moreover, since Astrotheme is not a polemic website, no negative aspect which may damage the good reputation of a celebrity is posted here, unlike in the comprehensive astrological portrait.
Here are some character traits from Liev Schreiber's birth chart. This description is far from being comprehensive but it can shed light on his/her personality, which is still interesting for professional astrologers or astrology lovers.
In a matter of minutes, you can get at your email address your astrological portrait (approximately 32 pages), a much more comprehensive report than this portrait of Liev Schreiber.
When interpreting a natal chart, the best method is to start gradually from general features to specific ones. Thus, there is usually a plan to be followed, from the overall analysis of the chart and its structure, to the description of its different character traits.
In the first part, an overall analysis of the chart enables us to figure out the personality's main features and to emphasize several points that are confirmed or not in the detailed analysis: in any case, those general traits are taken into account. Human personality is an infinitely intricate entity and describing it is a complex task. Claiming to rapidly summarize it is illusory, although it does not mean that it is an impossible challenge. It is essential to read a natal chart several times in order to absorb all its different meanings and to grasp all this complexity. But the exercise is worthwhile.
In brief, a natal chart is composed of ten planets: two luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, three fast-moving or individual planets, Mercury, Venus and Mars, two slow-moving planets, Jupiter and Saturn, and three very slow-moving planets, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Additional secondary elements are: the Lunar Nodes, the Dark Moon or Lilith, Chiron and other minor objects. They are all posited on the Zodiac wheel consisting of twelve signs, from Aries to Pisces, and divided into twelve astrological houses.
The first step is to evaluate the importance of each planet. This is what we call identifying the dominant planets. This process obeys rules that depend on the astrologer's sensitivity and experience but it also has precise and steady bases: thus, we can take into account the parameters of a planet's activity (the number of active aspects a planet forms, the importance of each aspect according to its nature and its exactness), angularity parameters; (proximity to the four angles, Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant and Imum Coeli or Nadir, all of them being evaluated numerically, according to the kind of angle and the planet-angle distance) and quality parameters (rulership, exaltation, exile and fall). Finally, other criteria such as the rulership of the Ascendant and the Midheaven etc. are important.
These different criteria allow a planet to be highlighted and lead to useful conclusions when interpreting the chart.
The overall chart analysis begins with the observation of three sorts of planetary distributions in the chart: Eastern or Western hemisphere, Northern or Southern hemisphere, and quadrants (North-eastern, North-western, South-eastern and South-western). These three distributions give a general tone in terms of introversion and extraversion, willpower, sociability, and behavioural predispositions.
Then, there are three additional distributions: elements (called triplicity since there are three groups of signs for each one) - Fire, Air, Earth and Water - corresponding to a character typology, modality (or quadruplicity with four groups of signs for each one) - Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable - and polarity (Yin and Yang).
There are three types of dominants: dominant planets, dominant signs and dominant houses. The novice thinks astrology means only "to be Aries" or sometimes, for example, "to be Aries Ascendant Virgo". It is actually far more complex. Although the Sun and the Ascendant alone may reveal a large part of the character - approximately a third or a half of your psychological signature, a person is neither "just the Sun" (called the sign) nor just "the first house" (the Ascendant). Thus, a particular planet's influence may be significantly increased; a particular sign or house may contain a group of planets that will bring nuances and sometimes weaken the role of the Ascendant, of the Sun sign etc.
Lastly, there are two other criteria: accentuations (angular, succedent and cadent) which are a classification of astrological houses and types of decanates that are occupied (each sign is divided into three decanates of ten degrees each). They provide some additional informations.
These general character traits must not be taken literally; they are, somehow, preparing for the chart reading. They allow to understand the second part of the analysis, which is more detailed and precise. It focuses on every area of the personality and provides a synthesis of all the above-mentioned parameters according to sound hierarchical rules.
Each quadrant is a combination of the four hemispheres of your birth chart and relates to a character typology. The Southern hemisphere – the top of your chart, around the Midheaven – is associated with extraversion, action, and public life, whereas the Northern hemisphere prompts to introversion, reflexion, and private life. The Eastern hemisphere – the left part, around the Ascendant – is linked to your ego and your willpower, whereas the Western hemisphere indicates how other people influence you, and how flexible you are when you make a decision.
Liev Schreiber, the diurnal South-eastern quadrant, consisting of the 10th, 11th and 12th houses, prevails in your chart: assertion and goals achievement are at the centre of your concerns. You are very keen to implement your dreams and your plans. You achieve your ambitions as soon as possible, whether through an active social life, highly charged friendly relations, or an urge to take actions in order to reap - in the eyes of the world, of course - the rewards of your dynamism. It is likely that spirituality or humanitarian actions are part of your motivations, sometimes at the price of some degree of isolation.
Liev Schreiber, here are the graphs of your Elements and Modes, based on planets' position and angles in the twelve signs:
Like the majority of Earth signs, Liev Schreiber, you are efficient, concrete and not too emotional. What matters to you is what you see: you judge the tree by its fruits. Your ideas keep changing, words disappear, but actions and their consequences are visible and remain. Express your sensitivity, even if it means revealing your vulnerability. Emotions, energy and communication must not be neglected; concrete action is meaningless if it is not justified by your heart, your intellect or your enthusiasm.
The predominance of Water signs indicates high sensitivity and elevation through feelings, Liev Schreiber. Your heart and your emotions are your driving forces, and you can't do anything on Earth if you don't feel a strong affective charge (as a matter of fact, the word "feeling" is essential in your psychology). You need to love in order to understand, and to feel in order to take action, which causes a certain vulnerability which you should fight against.
The twelve zodiacal signs are split up into three groups or modes, called quadruplicities, a learned word meaning only that these three groups include four signs. The Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable modes are more or less represented in your natal chart, depending on planets' positions and importance, and on angles in the twelve signs.
The Fixed mode corresponds to a majority of elements in your chart, Liev Schreiber, and represents the desire for security and durability: you are able to concretely appreciate a situation and its stability. You definitely prefer to play the role of a loyal, obstinate and hard-working person, rather than to try new and risky experiences - beware, however, not to confuse obstinacy with intransigence. You structure, cement, and strengthen everything you find on your way: it is your nature, although you are not especially interested in swiftness: slow and steady...
Houses are split up into three groups: angular, succedent and cadent.
The first ones are the most important ones, the most "noticeable" and energetic houses. They are the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th houses. Their cuspides correspond to four famous angles: Ascendant for the 1st house, Imum Coeli for the 4th house, Descendant, opposite the Ascendant, for the 7th house and Midheaven for the 10th house, opposite the Imum Coeli.
Planets are evaluated according to a whole set of criteria that includes comprehensive Western astrology rules. At their turn, planets emphasize specific types of houses, signs, repartitions etc., as previously explained.
Your angular houses, namely, the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th houses, are very emphasized in your chart, Liev Schreiber: according to the Tradition, they are the strongest and most dynamic houses. Should the rest of your chart concur, angular houses suggest that you are an enterprising, energetic and assertive man. Indeed, angular houses are said to generate impulsions and to give a powerful and domineering personality.
Unusual fates are often linked to a predominance of angular houses, but this is only a partial indication...
N.B.: this dominant is a minor one.
The issue of dominant planets has existed since the mists of time in astrology: how nice it would be if a person could be described with a few words and one or several planets that would represent their character, without having to analyse such elements as rulerships, angularities, houses, etc!
The ten planets - the Sun throughout Pluto - are a bit like ten characters in a role-play, each one has its own personality, its own way of acting, its own strengths and weaknesses. They actually represent a classification into ten distinct personalities, and astrologers have always tried to associate one or several dominant planets to a natal chart as well as dominant signs and houses.
Indeed, it is quite the same situation with signs and houses. If planets symbolize characters, signs represent hues - the mental, emotional and physical structures of an individual. The sign in which a planet is posited is like a character whose features are modified according to the place where he lives. In a chart, there are usually one, two or three highlighted signs that allow to rapidly describe its owner.
Regarding astrological houses, the principle is even simpler: the twelve houses correspond to twelve fields of life, and planets tenanting any given house increase that house's importance and highlight all relevant life departments: it may be marriage, work, friendship etc.
In your natal chart, Liev Schreiber, the ten main planets are distributed as follows:
The three most important planets in your chart are Venus, Neptune and Jupiter.
With Venus among your dominant planets, one of your first reflexes is... to please! Your look, your charm, and your seduction are omnipresent elements in your behaviour.
Your approach to things is connected to your heart, and for you, no real communication can flow if your interlocutors exude no sympathy or warmth. Cold and logical reasoning, clear thoughts and good sense are not important to you: if there is no affective bond with your environment, no connection can be established with the Venusian that you are, and nothing happens.
You have a strong artistic side, and you never neglect subjective but clear concepts such as pleasure, beauty, and also sensuality. However, sometimes to the detriment of efficiency, durability, logic, and... detachment.
With Neptune as one of your three dominant planets, you are a secretive and ambiguous person, often confused or unclear about your own motivations! Indeed, you are endowed with unlimited imagination and inspiration, as well as with an extreme sensibility that may turn you into a psychic or a clairvoyant. On the other hand, your impressionability is such that you may have difficulties in separating what is concrete and solid from illusions or dreams.
A mystic, a visionary or a poet, you daydream, like any Neptunian, and you see what few people only can see, all of this being shrouded in aesthetic mists when you are fired with enthusiasm.
A boundless, infinity-loving man like you is inevitably likely to be more vulnerable and easily hurt because of your acute perception of events. In such cases, you are hit full in the face, and you may sink into gloomy daydreamings and dark melancholy.
That said, this mysterious aura definitely gives you an indefinable charm in the eyes of your close friends who are often fascinated by your unique ability to feel and to see what ordinary people can never see!
Jupiter, the planet of expansion, organization, power and benevolence, is quite emphasized in your chart. Like any Jupiterian, you are warm, open, sociable, consensual, active and optimistic. You can use your self-confidence to erase differences of opinion, and you leave the task of analyzing and perfecting things to specialists. Your role, and you know it since you were young, is to gather, to demonstrate your synthesizing and conciliatory mind, and to naturally reap its fruits - power.
You appreciate legality, social order but also order in general. With you as a leader, every plan or human entity can be organized and structured. You excel at supervising. The Jupiterian type is indeed the politician par excellence, and a positive Jupiter in your chart is synonymous with good integration into society, whatever the chosen path.
Is this idyllic picture really perfect? Certainly not: each planet's typology has its own weaknesses. One of yours is pride, like the Solarian, but your will of expansion at all costs may generate a form of exaggeration in everything, endless pleasure, inappropriate self-confidence that could lead you to rough materialism and the thirst for absurd material comfort - in the worst cases, of course.
In your natal chart, the three most important signs - according to criteria mentioned above - are in decreasing order of strength Virgo, Scorpio and Libra. In general, these signs are important because your Ascendant or your Sun is located there. But this is not always the case: there may be a cluster of planets, or a planet may be near an angle other than the Midheaven or Ascendant. It may also be because two or three planets are considered to be very active because they form numerous aspects from these signs.
Thus, you display some of the three signs' characteristics, a bit like a superposition of features on the rest of your chart, and it is all the more so if the sign is emphasized.
Virgo, associated with perfectionism, numbers and reason, is among your dominant signs: you inherit its sense of responsibility and tidiness, a clear mind, an unfailing logic, as well as a need to be useful and to fulfil your task to the best of your abilities. Obviously, people may think that you are too modest or reserved, suspicious or pessimistic because of your exceedingly critical mind, but aren't logic and wisdom great qualities? Of course, they are. Moreover, you keep your feet on the ground, you never behave irrationally and you are helpful and hardworking - what more can you ask for?!
With Scorpio as a dominant sign, you are a strong and astute person, complicated and passionate, sometimes destructive and intolerant, but strong-willed, tough and daring, sometimes bordering on aggressive. So many qualities and dangers combined in one person! Obviously, this often results in a natural selection of people around you: those who stand up to you or admire you and those who can't bear you anymore! But that is precisely what you want. You are what you are and you are not going to transform yourself just to please. You are too proud and you never dread confrontations, although your way of fighting is secret, like your nature that, mysteriously enough, you are so reluctant to reveal even to your close friends who will never understand you. That said... what a hellish charm you have!
With Libra as a dominant sign in your natal chart, you love to please, to charm, and to be likeable. Moreover, you are naturally inclined towards tolerance and moderation, as well as elegance and tact, as if you were meant to please! Of course, you always find malcontents who criticize your lack of authenticity or of courage and your half-heartedness, but your aim is to be liked, and in this field, you are an unrivalled champion!
The 10th, 1st and 11th houses are the most prominent ones in your birth chart. From the analysis of the most tenanted houses, the astrologer identifies your most significant fields or spheres of activity. They deal with what you are experiencing - or what you will be brought to experience one day - or they deal with your inner motivations.
With a prominent 10th house, your destiny's achievement may be very notable: the 10th house represents your career, your public life, and your ambitions. A good deal of your energy may thus be used to successfully implement what you have in mind. Instinctively, you are very keen to make your dreams come true. Sooner or later, you will deal with the public, and your personal achievement will go through trials and ordeals: other people and visible actions.
With a dominant 1st house, your magnetism is powerful, and your individuality as well as your willpower are out of the ordinary. You are a determined, strong-willed, and assertive person, with this relative criterion at least.
It is likely that you never go unnoticed when you are in a crowd or a in reunion: an important 1st house suggests that you are a charismatic person with above average vital energy, especially if the Sun is present in this sector.
Your personal interests are always important and you never forget them, which doesn't mean that you are self-centered, but only that you behave according to what is in harmony with your deep nature!
The 11th house is among your dominant houses. Therefore, social life and friendships are very important, even strategic to you.
You think that group activities, whether in the humanitarian field or simple gatherings of friends, are endless sources of inspiration and of enjoyment, provided that there are no tensed aspects in this sector. Everything human is important to you, often more important than your own success, unless your 10th house is also powerful.
After this paragraph about dominant planets, of Liev Schreiber, here are the character traits that you must read more carefully than the previous texts since they are very specific: the texts about dominant planets only give background information about the personality and remain quite general: they emphasize or, on the contrary, mitigate different particularities or facets of a personality. A human being is a complex whole and only bodies of texts can attempt to successfully figure out all the finer points.
Vous êtes sensible Liev Schreiber à la beauté des choses et vos réactions émotionnelles sont souvent d'ordre esthétique car vous recherchez, jusque dans les apparences, l'équilibre et l'harmonie si nécessaires à votre bien-être. Vous identifiant avec une grande facilité aux uns et aux autres, vous êtes doué pour mettre en valeur ce qu'il y a de meilleur en eux et résoudre avec tact et diplomatie leurs problèmes. Mais, pesant toujours le pour et le contre et essayant de dire ou faire ce qui plait à vos interlocuteurs, vous risquez de développer une trop grande dépendance aux autres tant vous souhaitez leur approbation. Cette indécision constante peut être difficile à vivre autant pour vous-même que pour votre entourage car elle vous pousse plus à la contemplation qu'à la création et vous êtes souvent tenté de remettre à plus tard ce que vous avez à faire, à moins que vous ne préfériez user de votre charme pour que l'on se décide à faire le travail à votre place. Mais tant que règne l'harmonie... n'est-ce pas l'essentiel ?
Vous êtes populaire auprès de vos amis, Liev Schreiber, vous rayonnez facilement grâce à votre sensibilité, votre côté fantasque, votre mobilité et votre charme teinté d'imagination. Même au travail, vous avez souvent les faveurs de la clientèle et si d'aventures vous êtes dans une équipe de commerciaux,... (excerpt)
Vous êtes Liev Schreiber le type même du chercheur doté de grandes possibilités intellectuelles et imaginatives et d'une curiosité profonde. La recherche, les énigmes et les mystères vous passionnent et grâce à votre flair et votre intuition remarquables, vous cherchez à traquer sans fin la vérité, quels que soient les domaines, comme le feraient un psychanalyste ou un détective. Vous êtes cependant quelqu'un de très secret, plutôt introverti, qui éprouve des difficultés à se livrer et préfère souvent l'auto-analyse. Très lucide pour comprendre les mécanismes de chacun, vous avez pourtant du mal à communiquer : votre esprit critique teinté d'ironie et de causticité peut se montrer destructeur, d'autant que, plus que déterminé et obstiné, vous n'aimez pas céder. Vous aimez provoquer et pratiquez assez bien la contradiction et même si l'on vous trouve de mauvaise foi, il sera difficile de vous prendre en défaut.
Vos pensées, Liev Schreiber, restent souvent secrètes et pour des raisons qui viennent de votre éducation ou de votre propre nature, vous ne communiquez qu'avec discrétion et parcimonie. En fait, vous vous intéressez souvent à des buts nobles et compassionnels, sans en faire aucune publicité évidemment. Votre force... (excerpt)
Dans votre thème, le Soleil est en Balance, Vénus en Vierge. Deux signes aussi différents que la Vierge et la Balance ne sauraient marquer une affectivité monolithique. A l'associativité d'un Soleil en Balance se mêlent les retenues et pudeurs d'une Vénus Vierge. Et vos attentes ne sont parfois pas conformes à vos désirs : ainsi, vous rêvez d'un couple dans lequel s'épanouira à loisir votre idéal d'harmonie par l'échange et le respect mutuel. Mais les différences de l'autre, si soigneusement acceptées d'emblée, ne seront que partiellement admises à terme. Car vous n'aimez que ceux et celles qui ne vous sont pas vraiment étrangers et dont les rythmes s'accordent naturellement avec vos désirs. Si vos aspirations vous portent à admettre la manière d'être de l'autre, vous savez en revanche ce que vous aimez. Et surtout ce que vous n'aimez pas. Le risque est alors d'enfermer votre existence dans des attitudes contradictoires: ce peut être adopter par souci de quiétude un mode de vie dans lequel vous savez ne pouvoir trouver de réel plaisir, ou au contraire vous fermer à une relation pourtant prometteuse par ce qu'un rien heurte vos attachements. Votre partenaire doit faire preuve de tact, d'une délicatesse sans laquelle se réveilleront tôt ou tard vos réserves. Avec le temps, vous vous montrez pourtant apte à maintenir un équilibre indéniable au sein du couple. Vous savez mieux que d'autres gérer vos contradictions, allier sélectivité et ouverture d'esprit, auto-protection et allant relationnel.
Liev Schreiber, vous avez des sentiments forts et puissants à l'intérieur, mais ce qui est certain, c'est qu'il n'est pas question pour vous de les montrer sans peser, soupeser et étudier toutes les conséquences de vos discours et de vos actes : la fougue de la spontanéité est atténuée parce que vous ne pouvez vous empêcher de vous discipliner, sans doute en raison de votre pudeur, de votre discrétion ou de votre timidité ; vous êtes terrorisé car vous possédez un tel souci du qu'en dira-t-on que toute forme de passion ou d'expression trop rapide de vos sentiments constitue un danger pour vous. Vous êtes pourtant serviable simple et sans histoire, et même si la raison l'emporte toujours chez vous dans votre façon de considérer votre vie amoureuse, vous avez un coeur qui ne demande qu'à s'enflammer, mais alors dans un cadre bien réglé et où la vie pratique est soigneusement gérée avec bon sens, ordre et propreté. Votre sensibilité vous porte de toute façon à éviter les excès et débordements et selon vous, faire ainsi permet de trouver le bonheur sans aucun risque.
Avec une telle configuration et en l'absence de tensions avec d'autres planètes dans votre thème, vous êtes prédisposé Liev Schreiber, à créer un lien entre votre carrière et le domaine sentimental, même si cela peut prendre différentes formes : vous pouvez ainsi avoir la faveur et l'appui... (excerpt)
The ruler of the Ascendant, also referred to as the chart ruler, brings a few interesting nuances to the meanings provided by the Sun and the Ascendant. The sign in which the ruler of the Ascendant is posited fine-tunes the style of personality described by the Sun and the Ascendant. It may strengthen it if the sign is identical to either of them.
The ruler of the Ascendant, Liev Schreiber, is Pluto. In the sign of Virgo, it turns you into a cautious and rational person, sometimes to the detriment of your feelings. You like to improve yourself, and you pay a great deal of attention to details. You respect the rules, and you appreciate well-done work. However, you may lack self-confidence or you may hesitate, perhaps because you hate to make mistakes, since you believe that truth is a major quality.
Vous êtes assurément une bonne âme, Liev Schreiber : vous appréciez par dessus tout de vous affirmer par le canal de l'amitié, la vraie, profonde et chaleureuse; rien ne vous gratifie davantage que de vous faire accepter et aimer par les amis et relations que vous aurez... (excerpt)
Liev Schreiber, vous êtes une force de la nature et vous excellez souvent sur le plan sportif ; vous avez soif de conquêtes et vous vous lancez des défis de façon presque permanente. L'enthousiasme dont vous faites preuve dans toutes vos entreprises est parfaitement soutenu par vos conceptions morales et un idéalisme compatible avec les valeurs de la société dans laquelle vous vivez. Pragmatique, entreprenant mais parfois un peu naïf, vous ne vous souciez guère des détails et vous lancez dans de grands projets variés et aventureux où vous avez toutes les chances de parvenir à vos objectifs. Dans certains cas plus rares, vous pouvez canaliser votre grande énergie vers des voies plus philosophiques voire même spirituelles ou religieuses où toute votre fougue fera également merveille. Sur le plan sexuel, votre ardeur et votre spontanéité font merveille et le danger réside peut-être dans une certaine dispersion dans la mesure où vous pouvez oublier un peu toute notion de fidélité, notamment au cours de vos nombreux voyages lointains dont vous êtes si friand.
Vous êtes une personne active par nature, Liev Schreiber. C'est la seule position de Mars qui finalement ne vous oriente pas en particulier vers tel ou tel domaine de la vie mais c'est aussi peut-être la plus forte, puisque votre personnalité est justement par cette caractéristique combative,... (excerpt)
This text is only an excerpt from the portrait of of Liev Schreiber, which we hope will inspire you to deepen your knowledge of astrology.
Regarding the sources of the birth data in our possession, kindly note that the pages we publish constitute a starting point for more detailed research, even though they seem useful to us. When the sources are contradictory, which occurs rarely, after having analysed them, we choose the most reliable one. Sometimes, we publish a birth date just because it is made available, but we do not claim that is it the best one, by no means.