Astrotheme
A New Approach to Astrology

Luis Guzmán: Astrological Article and Chart

You will find below the horoscope of Luis Guzmán with his interactive chart, an excerpt of his astrological portrait and his planetary dominants.

Luis Guzmán
Author: Georges Biard
Credits: Own work
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
Date of birth
Tuesday, August 28, 1956 (time unknown)
City of birth
Cayey (Puerto Rico) (United States)
Virgo
Libra
Taurus
Signs
Saturn
Moon
Neptune
Planets
Earth
Water
Elements
Chinese astrological sign
Fire Monkey
3
Birth Path
Height
5' 5½" (1m66) tall
Views
19,395

This chart is arbitrarily calculated for noon. If you know the time of birth of Luis Guzmán, please send us your information with your source, at stars@astrotheme.com. To thank you, we shall be glad to send you the portrait (34 pages) of this celebrity, on demand.

Horoscopes having the same aspect Moon square Pluto (orb 0°12'): Jennifer Aniston, Sharon Stone, Jeon Jungkook, Megan Thee Stallion, Jim Morrison, Meryl Streep, Michael Jordan, Selena (singer), Miranda Kerr... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.

Horoscopes having the same aspect Moon opposite Saturn (orb 1°29'): Bruce Lee, 14th Dalai Lama, Valérie Trierweiler, Jack Nicholson, Gordon Ramsay, Robert Redford, Lily-Rose Depp, George Michael, Audrey Tautou... Find all the celebrities having this aspect.

Celebrities born the same day: Shania Twain, Florence Welch, Jack Black, Armie Hammer, Johann von Goethe, Kay Parker, LeAnn Rimes, David Fincher, Jason Priestley... List of all the celebrities born on August 28.

Horoscopes having the Moon in 28° Taurus : Chris Pratt (actor), Islamic Republic of Iran, Michael Landon, Jérôme Cahuzac, Christophe Willem, Hô Chi Minh, Alexandre Dumas, Alyson Stoner, Laurent Romejko... List of all the celebrities having the Moon in 28° Taurus.

Astrology DataBase on November 23, 2024 at 7:03 PM, CEST
70,591 people and events, 34,505 of which with a known time of birth
Horoscopes clicked on in real-time: 963,604,332 times

Horoscope and chart of Luis Guzmán

Astrology chart of Luis Guzmán Horoscope and birth chart of Luis Guzmán, born August 28, 1956 (time unknown), Cayey (Puerto Rico) (United States) 16' 28° 18' 26° 50' 17' 25° 28' 21° 35' 28° 19' 19° 28' 38' 28° 32' 15' 10° 34'
Select an object to display more information
Aries
Taurus
Gemini
Cancer
Leo
Virgo
Libra
Scorpio
Sagittarius
Capricorn
Aquarius
Pisces
Sun 5°15' Virgo
Sun Aspects
Sun conjunction Jupiter orb 5°18'
Sun conjunction Pluto orb 6°43'
Sun semi-square Venus orb 0°47'
Sun square Moon orb 6°56'
Sun semi-sextile Uranus orb 0°37'
Moon 28°19' Taurus
Moon Aspects
Moon opposite Saturn orb 1°29'
Moon square Pluto orb 0°12'
Moon trine Mercury orb 3°57'
Moon inconjunction Neptune orb 0°01'
Sun square Moon orb 6°56'
Moon sextile Uranus orb 6°19'
Mercury 2°16' Libra
Mercury Aspects
Moon trine Mercury orb 3°57'
Mercury sextile Uranus orb 2°21'
Mercury quintile Venus orb 0°48'
Mercury sextile Saturn orb 5°26'
Venus 19°28' Cancer
Venus Aspects
Venus trine Mars orb 2°07'
Sun semi-square Venus orb 0°47'
Venus trine Ascendant orb 6°38'
Mercury quintile Venus orb 0°48'
Venus trine Saturn orb 7°22'
Mars 21°35' Я Pisces
Mars Aspects
Venus trine Mars orb 2°07'
Mars trine Saturn orb 5°14'
Mars bi-quintile Neptune orb 0°43'
Mars sesqui-quadrate Uranus orb 1°56'
Jupiter 10°34' Virgo
Jupiter Aspects
Sun conjunction Jupiter orb 5°18'
Jupiter sextile Ascendant orb 2°15'
Saturn 26°50' Scorpio
Saturn Aspects
Moon opposite Saturn orb 1°29'
Saturn square Pluto orb 1°41'
Mars trine Saturn orb 5°14'
Venus trine Saturn orb 7°22'
Mercury sextile Saturn orb 5°26'
Saturn trine Uranus orb 7°48'
Saturn semi-sextile Neptune orb 1°28'
Uranus 4°38' Leo
Uranus Aspects
Mercury sextile Uranus orb 2°21'
Uranus conjunction Midheaven orb 8°31'
Sun semi-sextile Uranus orb 0°37'
Uranus square Neptune orb 6°20'
Mars sesqui-quadrate Uranus orb 1°56'
Saturn trine Uranus orb 7°48'
Moon sextile Uranus orb 6°19'
Neptune 28°18' Libra
Neptune Aspects
Neptune sextile Pluto orb 0°13'
Moon inconjunction Neptune orb 0°01'
Uranus square Neptune orb 6°20'
Mars bi-quintile Neptune orb 0°43'
Saturn semi-sextile Neptune orb 1°28'
Pluto 28°32' Leo
Pluto Aspects
Moon square Pluto orb 0°12'
Sun conjunction Pluto orb 6°43'
Saturn square Pluto orb 1°41'
Neptune sextile Pluto orb 0°13'
North Node 3°17' Я Sagittarius
Lilith 25°28' Aquarius
Display Parameters
Calculation Parameters

Biography of Luis Guzmán (excerpt)

Luis Guzmán (born August 28, 1956) is a Puerto Rican actor. He is known for his character work. For much of his career, his squat build, wolfish features, and brooding countenance have garnered him roles largely as sidekicks, thugs, or policemen, but his later career has seen him move into more mainstream roles. He is a favorite of director Steven Soderbergh, who cast him in Out of Sight, The Limey, and Traffic, and Paul Thomas Anderson, who cast him in Boogie Nights, Magnolia and Punch-Drunk Love. He also voiced Ricardo Diaz in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City and Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories.

Astrological portrait of Luis Guzmán (excerpt)

Disclaimer: these short excerpts of astrological charts are computer processed. They are, by no means, of a personal nature. This principle is valid for the celebrities included in our database. These texts provide the meanings of planets, or combination of planets, in signs and in houses, as well as the interpretations of planetary dominants in line with modern Western astrology rules. Moreover, since Astrotheme is not a polemic website, no negative aspect which may damage the good reputation of a celebrity is posted here, unlike in the comprehensive astrological portrait.

Introduction

Here are some character traits from Luis Guzmán's birth chart. This description is far from being comprehensive but it can shed light on his/her personality, which is still interesting for professional astrologers or astrology lovers.

N.B.: as this celebrity's birth time is unknown, the chart is arbitrarily calculated for 12:00 PM - the legal time for his/her place of birth; since astrological houses are not taken into account, this astrological profile excerpt is less detailed than those for which the birth time is known.

In a matter of minutes, you can get at your email address your astrological portrait (approximately 32 pages), a much more comprehensive report than this portrait of Luis Guzmán.

The dominant planets of Luis Guzmán

When interpreting a natal chart, the best method is to start gradually from general features to specific ones. Thus, there is usually a plan to be followed, from the overall analysis of the chart and its structure, to the description of its different character traits.

In the first part, an overall analysis of the chart enables us to figure out the personality's main features and to emphasize several points that are confirmed or not in the detailed analysis: in any case, those general traits are taken into account. Human personality is an infinitely intricate entity and describing it is a complex task. Claiming to rapidly summarize it is illusory, although it does not mean that it is an impossible challenge. It is essential to read a natal chart several times in order to absorb all its different meanings and to grasp all this complexity. But the exercise is worthwhile.

In brief, a natal chart is composed of ten planets: two luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, three fast-moving or individual planets, Mercury, Venus and Mars, two slow-moving planets, Jupiter and Saturn, and three very slow-moving planets, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Additional secondary elements are: the Lunar Nodes, the Dark Moon or Lilith, Chiron and other minor objects. They are all posited on the Zodiac wheel consisting of twelve signs, from Aries to Pisces, and divided into twelve astrological houses.

The first step is to evaluate the importance of each planet. This is what we call identifying the dominant planets. This process obeys rules that depend on the astrologer's sensitivity and experience but it also has precise and steady bases: thus, we can take into account the parameters of a planet's activity (the number of active aspects a planet forms, the importance of each aspect according to its nature and its exactness), angularity parameters; (proximity to the four angles, Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant and Imum Coeli or Nadir, all of them being evaluated numerically, according to the kind of angle and the planet-angle distance) and quality parameters (rulership, exaltation, exile and fall). Finally, other criteria such as the rulership of the Ascendant and the Midheaven etc. are important.

These different criteria allow a planet to be highlighted and lead to useful conclusions when interpreting the chart.

The overall chart analysis begins with the observation of three sorts of planetary distributions in the chart: Eastern or Western hemisphere, Northern or Southern hemisphere, and quadrants (North-eastern, North-western, South-eastern and South-western). These three distributions give a general tone in terms of introversion and extraversion, willpower, sociability, and behavioural predispositions.

Then, there are three additional distributions: elements (called triplicity since there are three groups of signs for each one) - Fire, Air, Earth and Water - corresponding to a character typology, modality (or quadruplicity with four groups of signs for each one) - Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable - and polarity (Yin and Yang).

There are three types of dominants: dominant planets, dominant signs and dominant houses. The novice thinks astrology means only "to be Aries" or sometimes, for example, "to be Aries Ascendant Virgo". It is actually far more complex. Although the Sun and the Ascendant alone may reveal a large part of the character - approximately a third or a half of your psychological signature, a person is neither "just the Sun" (called the sign) nor just "the first house" (the Ascendant). Thus, a particular planet's influence may be significantly increased; a particular sign or house may contain a group of planets that will bring nuances and sometimes weaken the role of the Ascendant, of the Sun sign etc.

Lastly, there are two other criteria: accentuations (angular, succedent and cadent) which are a classification of astrological houses and types of decanates that are occupied (each sign is divided into three decanates of ten degrees each). They provide some additional informations.

These general character traits must not be taken literally; they are, somehow, preparing for the chart reading. They allow to understand the second part of the analysis, which is more detailed and precise. It focuses on every area of the personality and provides a synthesis of all the above-mentioned parameters according to sound hierarchical rules.

Warning: when the birth time is unknown, which is the case for Luis Guzmán, a few paragraphs become irrelevant; distributions in hemispheres and quadrants are meaningless, so are dominant houses and houses' accentuations. Therefore, some chapters are removed from this part.

For all paragraphs, the criteria for valuation are calculated without taking into account angles and rulerships of the Ascendant and of the Midheaven. The methodology retains its validity, but it is less precise without a time of birth.

Elements and Modes for Luis Guzmán

The Four Elements for Luis Guzmán: Astrology, Free Horoscope, Planets, Dominant Planets, Natal Chart

Like the majority of Earth signs, Luis Guzmán, you are efficient, concrete and not too emotional. What matters to you is what you see: you judge the tree by its fruits. Your ideas keep changing, words disappear, but actions and their consequences are visible and remain. Express your sensitivity, even if it means revealing your vulnerability. Emotions, energy and communication must not be neglected; concrete action is meaningless if it is not justified by your heart, your intellect or your enthusiasm.

The predominance of Water signs indicates high sensitivity and elevation through feelings, Luis Guzmán. Your heart and your emotions are your driving forces, and you can't do anything on Earth if you don't feel a strong affective charge (as a matter of fact, the word "feeling" is essential in your psychology). You need to love in order to understand, and to feel in order to take action, which causes a certain vulnerability which you should fight against.

The twelve zodiacal signs are split up into three groups or modes, called quadruplicities, a learned word meaning only that these three groups include four signs. The Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable modes are more or less represented in your natal chart, depending on planets' positions and importance, and on angles in the twelve signs.

The Three Modes for Luis Guzmán: Astrology, Free Horoscope, Planets, Dominant Planets, Natal Chart

The Fixed mode corresponds to a majority of elements in your chart, Luis Guzmán, and represents the desire for security and durability: you are able to concretely appreciate a situation and its stability. You definitely prefer to play the role of a loyal, obstinate and hard-working person, rather than to try new and risky experiences - beware, however, not to confuse obstinacy with intransigence. You structure, cement, and strengthen everything you find on your way: it is your nature, although you are not especially interested in swiftness: slow and steady...

Dominants: Planets, Signs and Houses for Luis Guzmán

The issue of dominant planets has existed since the mists of time in astrology: how nice it would be if a person could be described with a few words and one or several planets that would represent their character, without having to analyse such elements as rulerships, angularities, houses, etc!

The ten planets - the Sun throughout Pluto - are a bit like ten characters in a role-play, each one has its own personality, its own way of acting, its own strengths and weaknesses. They actually represent a classification into ten distinct personalities, and astrologers have always tried to associate one or several dominant planets to a natal chart as well as dominant signs and houses.

Indeed, it is quite the same situation with signs and houses. If planets symbolize characters, signs represent hues - the mental, emotional and physical structures of an individual. The sign in which a planet is posited is like a character whose features are modified according to the place where he lives. In a chart, there are usually one, two or three highlighted signs that allow to rapidly describe its owner.

Regarding astrological houses, the principle is even simpler: the twelve houses correspond to twelve fields of life, and planets tenanting any given house increase that house's importance and highlight all relevant life departments: it may be marriage, work, friendship etc.

In your natal chart, Luis Guzmán, the ten main planets are distributed as follows:

Dominant Planets for Luis Guzmán: Astrology, Free Horoscope, Planets, Dominant Planets, Natal Chart

The three most important planets in your chart are Saturn, the Moon and Neptune.

Saturn is part of your dominant planets: among the facets of your character, you have a grave and serious side, wise and somewhat severe, since your concentration can be powerful, to the detriment of carelessness and friendliness.

You often look austere, but it is only an appearance, a kind of modesty or reserve; however, it is true that the Saturnian, who is fond of time, effort, asceticism, rigour and sobriety, may have popularity issues. Nevertheless, honesty and straightforwardness, reliability, as well as slow, wise and deep mental process, although not very popular and visible qualities, eventually become noticed and appreciated. Saturnians' second part of life is usually easier and more fulfilling.

Like the Jupiterian, your Saturnian facet prompts you to seek the essential, security, and longevity. However, the difference with the former is that you will never give priority to wealth or "the bigger, the better" philosophy for the sake of power. Saturn, like Jupiter, symbolizes social integration, and it is usually considered positive to have a harmonic Jupiter and Saturn in one's chart because of their social adaptation capacities.

Your vulnerability lies in your too serious and austere side, which may lead to unwanted loneliness and affective frustration. This generally does not last because Saturnians often hide deep down a golden heart that ends up revealing itself...

The Moon is one of the most important planets in your chart and endows you with a receptive, emotive, and imaginative nature. You have an innate ability to instinctively absorb atmospheres and impressions that nurture you, and as a result, you are often dreaming your life away rather than actually living it.

One of the consequences of your spontaneity may turn into popularity, or even fame: the crowd is a living and complex entity, and it always appreciates truth and sincerity rather than calculation and total self-control.

As a Lunar character, you find it difficult to control yourself, you have to deal with your moods, and you must be careful not to stay passive in front of events: nothing is handed on a plate, and although your sensitivity is rich, even richer than most people's, you must make a move and spare some of your energy for... action!

With Neptune as one of your three dominant planets, you are a secretive and ambiguous person, often confused or unclear about your own motivations! Indeed, you are endowed with unlimited imagination and inspiration, as well as with an extreme sensibility that may turn you into a psychic or a clairvoyant. On the other hand, your impressionability is such that you may have difficulties in separating what is concrete and solid from illusions or dreams.

A mystic, a visionary or a poet, you daydream, like any Neptunian, and you see what few people only can see, all of this being shrouded in aesthetic mists when you are fired with enthusiasm.

A boundless, infinity-loving man like you is inevitably likely to be more vulnerable and easily hurt because of your acute perception of events. In such cases, you are hit full in the face, and you may sink into gloomy daydreamings and dark melancholy.

That said, this mysterious aura definitely gives you an indefinable charm in the eyes of your close friends who are often fascinated by your unique ability to feel and to see what ordinary people can never see!

Dominant Signs for Luis Guzmán: Astrology, Free Horoscope, Planets, Dominant Planets, Natal Chart

In your natal chart, the three most important signs - according to criteria mentioned above - are in decreasing order of strength Virgo, Libra and Taurus. In general, these signs are important because your Ascendant or your Sun is located there. But this is not always the case: there may be a cluster of planets, or a planet may be near an angle other than the Midheaven or Ascendant. It may also be because two or three planets are considered to be very active because they form numerous aspects from these signs.

Thus, you display some of the three signs' characteristics, a bit like a superposition of features on the rest of your chart, and it is all the more so if the sign is emphasized.

Virgo, associated with perfectionism, numbers and reason, is among your dominant signs: you inherit its sense of responsibility and tidiness, a clear mind, an unfailing logic, as well as a need to be useful and to fulfil your task to the best of your abilities. Obviously, people may think that you are too modest or reserved, suspicious or pessimistic because of your exceedingly critical mind, but aren't logic and wisdom great qualities? Of course, they are. Moreover, you keep your feet on the ground, you never behave irrationally and you are helpful and hardworking - what more can you ask for?!

With Libra as a dominant sign in your natal chart, you love to please, to charm, and to be likeable. Moreover, you are naturally inclined towards tolerance and moderation, as well as elegance and tact, as if you were meant to please! Of course, you always find malcontents who criticize your lack of authenticity or of courage and your half-heartedness, but your aim is to be liked, and in this field, you are an unrivalled champion!

With the Taurus sign so important in your chart, you are constructive, stable, and sensual. Good taste, sense of beauty, manners, and unfailing good sense - all these qualities contribute to your charm and seductive power. Furthermore, if some people criticize your slow pace and your stubbornness, you rightly reply that this is the price for your security, and that you like the way it is - slow and steady....

After this paragraph about dominant planets, of Luis Guzmán, here are the character traits that you must read more carefully than the previous texts since they are very specific: the texts about dominant planets only give background information about the personality and remain quite general: they emphasize or, on the contrary, mitigate different particularities or facets of a personality. A human being is a complex whole and only bodies of texts can attempt to successfully figure out all the finer points.

The Moon in Taurus: his sensitivity

Amoureux de la nature tout autant que de votre confort, vous êtes Luis Guzmán, un épicurien désireux de profiter des belles et bonnes choses de la vie au sein d'un "clan" familial ou amical qui apprécie votre convivialité et votre amabilité. Fidèle, stable, les pieds sur terre, vous êtes quelqu'un sur qui l'on peut compter en toute circonstance. Attaché à votre sécurité affective et matérielle, la jalousie et la possessivité ne vous sont pas étrangères et vous pouvez, bien que de nature plutôt lente, vous montrer très rapidement colérique et agressif lorsque vous vous sentez menacé dans ces domaines. Vous ferez alors preuve d'un entêtement et d'une fureur rares et l'on aura bien du mal à vous faire changer d'avis. Même si vous êtes conscient que votre attitude n'est pas réellement adaptée, vous camperez sur vos positions et garderez une rancune tenace. Vous êtes cependant si sensible à la tendresse et aux marques concrètes d'affection qu'avec quelques cadeaux ou câlins, vous finirez bien par revoir tout en rose...

Mercury in Libra: his intellect and social life

Votre mode de pensée Luis Guzmán est plutôt lent car vous avez besoin de temps et de tranquillité afin de tenir compte des idées et opinions de chacun, peser le pour et le contre et parvenir enfin à prendre la décision qui vous semble être la plus équitable, la plus juste et la plus équilibrée. En effet, refusant tout comportement fanatique et extrémiste, vous êtes toujours à la recherche du juste milieu. Mais, même si l'on s'accorde à reconnaître votre tolérance, votre sens de la logique et votre don pour la conciliation, on vous reprochera souvent une trop grande indécision et une nette tendance à toujours reporter vos choix à plus tard. Vous aurez alors parfois besoin que l'on vous encourage et que l'on vous pousse à agir pour pouvoir lutter contre cette attitude quelque peu fataliste que l'on pourrait assimiler à de la paresse. N'attendez donc pas tant l'approbation d'autrui, exprimez-vous davantage et agissez...

Venus in Cancer and the Sun in Virgo: his affectivity and seductiveness

Dans votre thème, le Soleil est en Vierge, Vénus en Cancer. Les Signes de la Vierge et du Cancer ont en commun d'induire une certaine sélectivité. On exprime un désir de protection, une volonté de limiter sa vie affective à ce qu'on connaît, à ce qui nous est familier. Il y a chez vous une forme de pudeur, de distance, de réserve... Pourtant, le duo Soleil-Vénus souligne deux manières d'être à bien des égards différentes, sinon opposées : alors qu'avec le Soleil en Vierge, vous accordez une importance particulière à la maîtrise des situations, la Vénus Cancer se montre plus intimiste, plus naturelle peut-être : avec elle, seul importe le ressenti, l'émotion. Comment alors vivre un romantisme raisonnable ? Sensible sans aucun doute, voire fragile, vous ne dévoilez cependant que rarement votre nature impressionnable. Mieux vaut se garder d'afficher sa vulnérabilité ! Le risque d'une telle configuration est sans doute de vous laisser aller à une susceptibilité outrancière, d'autant plus marquée qu'elle ne sera que peu extériorisée. Votre partenaire devra ainsi faire la démarche de vous comprendre, faute de quoi la relation risque fort de devenir dialogue de sourds. On appréciera en revanche l'extrême subtilité de votre ressenti, ainsi que l'attachement sans faille à ceux ou celles qui sont devenus vos familiers. Mais gare à qui se montre avec vous trop pressé ou trop impatient de vous découvrir. On ne se dévoile qu'avec le temps et la confiance.

Luis Guzmán, vous êtes à la fois sensible, vulnérable et tendre. Quand vous aimez, c'est avec toute votre affection et c'est en toute confiance que votre partenaire peut s'abandonner dans une relation durable et sécurisante avec vous. Vous êtes si tranquille et tendre que vous pensez que cela suffit à gagner le coeur de votre partenaire, et vous avez souvent raison. Mais surtout, ne confondez pas donner et recevoir, vous avez tant besoin d'être aimé en retour que vous risquez d'être parfois un peu passif et à force d'être un peu exigeant, vous pouvez montrer un peu d'immaturité. La sécurité et la durée de la relation sont primordiales pour vous ainsi que  votre famille, qui est un refuge et même presque un sanctuaire où vous aimez vous cacher quand rien ne va plus. Vous rêvez aussi beaucoup d'amour, peut-être même trop, au détriment de ce que vous pourriez vivre concrètement si vous étiez un peu plus dynamique ou moins craintif d'être blessé mais rappelez-vous que l'on ne reçoit que si l'on donne.

The Sun in Virgo: his will and inner motivations

Mars in Pisces: his ability to take action

Votre énergie est distillée d'une façon un peu confuse et aléatoire, Luis Guzmán. Ce n'est pas spécialement un handicap mais cela vous empêche un peu de planifier raisonnablement vos actions sur le long terme. Vous êtes un peu fantasque et dispersé, parfois hyperactif et voulant dévorer avec vos grandes dents de requin les obstacles qui se dressent devant vous, mais le plus souvent fuyant tout obstacle par simple facilité et désir de tranquillité. Vous avez horreur de tout affrontement et c'est plus par l'habileté et la souplesse que vous parviendrez à vos fins en vous faufilant adroitement au travers des difficultés que vous rencontrez. Vous possédez  beaucoup d'intuition et d'imagination et ces atouts compensent certainement le manque d'efficacité dont vous faites preuve à cause de votre manque de discipline sur le plan de l'action. Vous êtes de toute façon beaucoup plus efficace si vous travaillez pour une noble cause, en général collective, parfois politique ou spirituelle. Sur le plan sexuel, vous êtes fantasque et inclassable ; vous êtes si changeant et si malléable que finalement, vous pouvez passer d'un extrême à l'autre, généralement en fonction de la personnalité de votre partenaire car votre adaptabilité et votre souplesse sont bien réelles.

Conclusion

This text is only an excerpt from the portrait of of Luis Guzmán, which we hope will inspire you to deepen your knowledge of astrology.

Since the birth time is unknown,, these portrait excerpts do not take into account the parameters derived from the time, which means, the domification (Ascendant, astrological houses, etc.). Nonetheless, these analyses remain accurate in any case.

Regarding the sources of the birth data in our possession, kindly note that the pages we publish constitute a starting point for more detailed research, even though they seem useful to us. When the sources are contradictory, which occurs rarely, after having analysed them, we choose the most reliable one. Sometimes, we publish a birth date just because it is made available, but we do not claim that is it the best one, by no means.