Alicia Silverstone: Astrological Article and Chart

Horoscope and chart of Alicia Silverstone

^* A planet less than 1° from the next House cusp is considered to be posited in the said House. 2° when the AS and the MC are involved

Astrological portrait of Alicia Silverstone (excerpt)

Disclaimer: these short excerpts of astrological charts are computer processed. They are, by no means, of a personal nature. This principle is valid for the celebrities included in our database. These texts provide the meanings of planets, or combination of planets, in signs and in houses, as well as the interpretations of planetary dominants in line with modern Western astrology rules. Moreover, since Astrotheme is not a polemic website, no negative aspect which may damage the good reputation of a celebrity is posted here, unlike in the comprehensive astrological portrait.

Introduction

Here are some character traits from Alicia Silverstone's birth chart. This description is far from being comprehensive but it can shed light on his/her personality, which is still interesting for professional astrologers or astrology lovers.

The dominant planets of Alicia Silverstone

When interpreting a natal chart, the best method is to start gradually from general features to specific ones. Thus, there is usually a plan to be followed, from the overall analysis of the chart and its structure, to the description of its different character traits.

In the first part, an overall analysis of the chart enables us to figure out the personality's main features and to emphasize several points that are confirmed or not in the detailed analysis: in any case, those general traits are taken into account. Human personality is an infinitely intricate entity and describing it is a complex task. Claiming to rapidly summarize it is illusory, although it does not mean that it is an impossible challenge. It is essential to read a natal chart several times in order to absorb all its different meanings and to grasp all this complexity. But the exercise is worthwhile.

In brief, a natal chart is composed of ten planets: two luminaries, the Sun and the Moon, three fast-moving or individual planets, Mercury, Venus and Mars, two slow-moving planets, Jupiter and Saturn, and three very slow-moving planets, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Additional secondary elements are: the Lunar Nodes, the Dark Moon or Lilith, Chiron and other minor objects. They are all posited on the Zodiac wheel consisting of twelve signs, from Aries to Pisces, and divided into twelve astrological houses.

The first step is to evaluate the importance of each planet. This is what we call identifying the dominant planets. This process obeys rules that depend on the astrologer's sensitivity and experience but it also has precise and steady bases: thus, we can take into account the parameters of a planet's activity (the number of active aspects a planet forms, the importance of each aspect according to its nature and its exactness), angularity parameters; (proximity to the four angles, Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant and Imum Coeli or Nadir, all of them being evaluated numerically, according to the kind of angle and the planet-angle distance) and quality parameters (rulership, exaltation, exile and fall). Finally, other criteria such as the rulership of the Ascendant and the Midheaven etc. are important.

These different criteria allow a planet to be highlighted and lead to useful conclusions when interpreting the chart.

The overall chart analysis begins with the observation of three sorts of planetary distributions in the chart: Eastern or Western hemisphere, Northern or Southern hemisphere, and quadrants (North-eastern, North-western, South-eastern and South-western). These three distributions give a general tone in terms of introversion and extraversion, willpower, sociability, and behavioural predispositions.

Then, there are three additional distributions: elements (called triplicity since there are three groups of signs for each one) - Fire, Air, Earth and Water - corresponding to a character typology, modality (or quadruplicity with four groups of signs for each one) - Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable - and polarity (Yin and Yang).

There are three types of dominants: dominant planets, dominant signs and dominant houses. The novice thinks astrology means only "to be Aries" or sometimes, for example, "to be Aries Ascendant Virgo". It is actually far more complex. Although the Sun and the Ascendant alone may reveal a large part of the character - approximately a third or a half of your psychological signature, a person is neither "just the Sun" (called the sign) nor just "the first house" (the Ascendant). Thus, a particular planet's influence may be significantly increased; a particular sign or house may contain a group of planets that will bring nuances and sometimes weaken the role of the Ascendant, of the Sun sign etc.

Lastly, there are two other criteria: accentuations (angular, succedent and cadent) which are a classification of astrological houses and types of decanates that are occupied (each sign is divided into three decanates of ten degrees each). They provide some additional informations.

These general character traits must not be taken literally; they are, somehow, preparing for the chart reading. They allow to understand the second part of the analysis, which is more detailed and precise. It focuses on every area of the personality and provides a synthesis of all the above-mentioned parameters according to sound hierarchical rules.

Astrological Quadrants for Alicia Silverstone

Each quadrant is a combination of the four hemispheres of your birth chart and relates to a character typology. The Southern hemisphere – the top of your chart, around the Midheaven – is associated with extraversion, action, and public life, whereas the Northern hemisphere prompts to introversion, reflexion, and private life. The Eastern hemisphere – the left part, around the Ascendant – is linked to your ego and your willpower, whereas the Western hemisphere indicates how other people influence you, and how flexible you are when you make a decision.

Alicia Silverstone, the diurnal South-western quadrant, consisting of the 7th, 8th and 9th houses, prevails in your chart: this sector brings about a thirst for communication and sometimes, a need to take risks in your dealings with others. Relations are a factor of your evolution and your transformation, which you accept serenely. Indeed, what matters to you is the movement and the energy that link you to others and that make you gain more awareness. A kind of rebellion or a desire to get away from it all is rooted in you.

Elements, Modes and House Accentuations for Alicia Silverstone

Alicia Silverstone, here are the graphs of your Elements and Modes, based on planets' position and angles in the twelve signs:

Cheers for communication and mobility, Alicia Silverstone! The predominance of Air signs in your chart favours and amplifies your taste for relations and for all kinds of short trips, whether real (travels) or symbolic (new ideas, mind speculations). You gain in flexibility and adaptability what you lose in self-assertion or in pragmatism.

The predominance of Water signs indicates high sensitivity and elevation through feelings, Alicia Silverstone. Your heart and your emotions are your driving forces, and you can't do anything on Earth if you don't feel a strong affective charge (as a matter of fact, the word "feeling" is essential in your psychology). You need to love in order to understand, and to feel in order to take action, to the detriment of a certain vulnerability against which you should learn to fight.

Earth qualities are under-represented in your chart, with only 8.97% instead of the average 25%. Deficiency in Earth may indicate that you have no interest in material and concrete values. It is likely that you live too much in your heart or in your mind, or even in your enthusiasm! The fact remains that you may end up in tricky situations, due to your lack of good sense or forethought: material life is unavoidable even if you are rather idealistic, dreamy, or easily content. You must tackle concrete life necessities, for fear of... being forced to cope with them, later, in much more unpleasant ways!

The twelve zodiacal signs are split up into three groups or modes, called quadruplicities, a learned word meaning only that these three groups include four signs. The Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable modes are more or less represented in your natal chart, depending on planets' positions and importance, and on angles in the twelve signs.

The Fixed mode corresponds to a majority of elements in your chart, Alicia Silverstone, and represents the desire for security and durability: you are able to concretely appreciate a situation and its stability. You definitely prefer to play the role of a loyal, obstinate and hard-working person, rather than to try new and risky experiences - beware, however, not to confuse obstinacy with intransigence. You structure, cement, and strengthen everything you find on your way: it is your nature, although you are not especially interested in swiftness: slow and steady...

Houses are split up into three groups: angular, succedent and cadent.

The first ones are the most important ones, the most "noticeable" and energetic houses. They are the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th houses. Their cuspides correspond to four famous angles: Ascendant for the 1st house, Imum Coeli for the 4th house, Descendant, opposite the Ascendant, for the 7th house and Midheaven for the 10th house, opposite the Imum Coeli.

Planets are evaluated according to a whole set of criteria that includes comprehensive Western astrology rules. At their turn, planets emphasize specific types of houses, signs, repartitions etc., as previously explained.

Your angular houses, namely, the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th houses, are very emphasized in your chart, Alicia Silverstone: according to the Tradition, they are the strongest and most dynamic houses. Should the rest of your chart concur, angular houses suggest that you are an enterprising, energetic and assertive woman. Indeed, angular houses are said to generate impulsions and to give a powerful and domineering personality.

Unusual fates are often linked to a predominance of angular houses, but this is only a partial indication...

N.B.: this dominant is a minor one.

Dominants: Planets, Signs and Houses for Alicia Silverstone

The issue of dominant planets has existed since the mists of time in astrology: how nice it would be if a person could be described with a few words and one or several planets that would represent their character, without having to analyse such elements as rulerships, angularities, houses, etc!

The ten planets - the Sun throughout Pluto - are a bit like ten characters in a role-play, each one has its own personality, its own way of acting, its own strengths and weaknesses. They actually represent a classification into ten distinct personalities, and astrologers have always tried to associate one or several dominant planets to a natal chart as well as dominant signs and houses.

Indeed, it is quite the same situation with signs and houses. If planets symbolize characters, signs represent hues - the mental, emotional and physical structures of an individual. The sign in which a planet is posited is like a character whose features are modified according to the place where he lives. In a chart, there are usually one, two or three highlighted signs that allow to rapidly describe its owner.

Regarding astrological houses, the principle is even simpler: the twelve houses correspond to twelve fields of life, and planets tenanting any given house increase that house's importance and highlight all relevant life departments: it may be marriage, work, friendship etc.

In your natal chart, Alicia Silverstone, the ten main planets are distributed as follows:

The three most important planets in your chart are Uranus, Pluto and Saturn.

Uranus among your dominant planets: just like Neptune and Pluto, Uranian typology is less clearly defined than the so-called classical seven planets that are visible to the naked eye, from the Sun to Saturn. However, it is possible to associate your Uranian nature with a few clear characteristics: Uranus rhymes with independence, freedom, originality, or even rebelliousness and marginality, when things go wrong...

Uranus is Mercury's higher octave and as such, he borrows some of its traits of character; namely, a tendency to intellectualize situations and emotions with affective detachment, or at least jagged affectivity.

Therefore, you are certainly a passionate woman who is on the lookout for any kind of action or revolutionary idea, and you are keen on new things. Uranians are never predictable, and it is especially when they are believed to be stable and well settled that... they change everything - their life, partner, and job! In fact, you are allergic to any kind of routine, although avoiding it must give way to many risks.

With Pluto as a dominant planet in your chart, you are a magnetic and mighty predator, like the Scorpio sign ruled by this planet, who needs to exert pressure on others in order to "test" them. You are always ready to evolve, to risk destruction for reconstruction - including your own - to live more intensely whilst imposing your secret authority on things and on people you encounter.

You may come across as wicked, cruel or too authoritarian, but actually you only follow your instinct, you sound people out, and you like to exert your domination simply because your vital energy is too powerful to remain inside. You are inclined to be passionate, with hidden motivations. You are sometimes misunderstood but one of your great Plutonian assets is to go successfully through each life ordeal with ever growing strength.

Saturn is part of your dominant planets: among the facets of your character, you have a grave and serious side, wise and somewhat severe, since your concentration can be powerful to the detriment of carelessness and friendliness.

You often look austere, but it is only an appearance, a kind of modesty or reserve; however, it is true that the Saturnian, who is fond of time, effort, asceticism, rigour and sobriety, may have popularity issues. Nevertheless, honesty and straightforwardness, reliability, as well as slow, wise and deep mental process, although not very popular and visible qualities, eventually become noticed and appreciated. Saturnians' second part of life is usually easier and more fulfilling.

Like the Jupiterian, your Saturnian facet prompts you to seek the essential, security, and longevity. However, the difference with the former is that you will never give priority to wealth or "the bigger, the better" philosophy for the sake of power. Saturn, like Jupiter, symbolizes social integration, and it is usually considered positive to have a harmonic Jupiter and Saturn in one's chart because of their social adaptation capacities.

Your vulnerability lies in your too serious and austere side, which may lead to unwanted loneliness and affective frustration. This generally does not last because Saturnians often hide deep down a golden heart that ends up revealing itself...

In your natal chart, the three most important signs - according to criteria mentioned above - are in decreasing order of strength Scorpio, Libra and Aquarius. In general, these signs are important because your Ascendant or your Sun is located there. But this is not always the case: there may be a cluster of planets, or a planet may be near an angle other than the Midheaven or Ascendant. It may also be because two or three planets are considered to be very active because they form numerous aspects from these signs.

Thus, you display some of the three signs' characteristics, a bit like a superposition of features on the rest of your chart, and it is all the more so if the sign is emphasized.

With Scorpio as a dominant sign, you are a strong and astute person, complicated and passionate, sometimes destructive and intolerant, but strong-willed, tough and daring, sometimes bordering on aggressive. So many qualities and dangers combined in one person! Obviously, this often results in a natural selection of people around you: those who stand up to you or admire you and those who can't bear you anymore! But that is precisely what you want. You are what you are and you are not going to transform yourself just to please. You are too proud and you never dread confrontations, although your way of fighting is secret, as is your nature that, mysteriously enough, you are so reluctant to reveal even to your close friends who will never understand you. That said... what a hellish charm you have!

With Libra as a dominant sign in your birth chart, you love to please, to charm, and to be likeable. Moreover, you are naturally inclined towards tolerance and moderation, as well as elegance and tact, as if you were meant to please! Of course, you always find malcontents who criticize your lack of authenticity or of courage and your half-heartedness, but your aim is to be liked, and in this field, you are an unrivalled champion!

Aquarius is one of the most important signs in your natal chart: it endows your personality - at least one of its facets - with originality, to the point of eccentricity in spite of a sometimes distant and humane side. Likeable and impassive at the same time, you are a paradoxical woman, very hard to define because the two planets Uranus and Saturn blend their qualities to create the so complicated and endearing sign that inspires your character. Saturn's seriousness and impassivity is added to Uranus' rebellion, talent, individualism, charisma, extravagance, and unpredictability! One of your main characteristics is that you never open up on a personal basis, but you tend to do so easily in public. You are actually quite strange. Sexy and charming in public, despite your nice and sociable character, you could frustrate many of your admirers in private because of your impossibility to show deep and warm affection, emotions, tears... But appearance and reality are two different things anyway - you are a kind of a genius, or you have at least a tremendous charm with this sign. You have many friends and an active social life. If you are detached in your love life - only in this aspect, since the rest of chart will confirm it or not - this is no big deal!

The 8th, 9th and 1st houses are the most prominent ones in your birth chart. From the analysis of the most tenanted houses, the astrologer identifies your most significant fields or spheres of activity. They deal with what you are experiencing - or what you will be brought to experience one day - or they deal with your inner motivations.

Your 8th house is very highlighted: it is the most complex house of the Zodiac. It symbolizes above all passion and transformation, which often go hand in hand. Indeed, you have a tendency to experience everything to the bitter end, and you overstep propriety borders because you want to understand everything, even what is... forbidden. This house relates to complex spheres such as sexuality, possessions and dispossessions that don't depend on you (inheritances, donations, sudden financial losses), death too - not yours in particular, so, don't worry! - and understanding of hidden or occult things: here are the fields that affect you generally, because you are naturally interested in them or because life gets you involved in spite of yourself.

Your 9th house being one of your most tenanted house, or at least emphasized, travels and faraway places play a major role for you: travels may take place in a symbolic sense, namely mind speculations or conceptions about political matters, philosophy, religion or spirituality, or in the literal sense, such as real long distance travels by plane. You may also spend a part of your life far from home, etc. You are driven by a kind of rebelliousness, which urges you to explore the Unknown; it may also be the call of the adventure. Besides, if the rest of your chart concurs, you may be considered as a real draught, often up hill and down dale, constantly on the lookout for exciting discoveries and new, enchanting horizons.

With a dominant 1st house, your magnetism is powerful, and your individuality as well as your willpower are out of the ordinary. You are a determined, strong-willed, and assertive person, with this relative criterion at least.

It is likely that you never go unnoticed when you are in a crowd or a in reunion: an important 1st house suggests that you are a charismatic person with above average vital energy, especially if the Sun is present in this sector.

Your personal interests are always important and you never forget them, which doesn't mean that you are self-centered, but only that you behave according to what is in harmony with your deep nature!

After this paragraph about dominant planets, of Alicia Silverstone, here are the character traits that you must read more carefully than the previous texts since they are very specific: the texts about dominant planets only give background information about the personality and remain quite general: they emphasize or, on the contrary, mitigate different particularities or facets of a personality. A human being is a complex whole and only bodies of texts can attempt to successfully figure out all the finer points.

The Moon in Pisces and in House 1: her sensitivity

Vous êtes d'une sensibilité à fleur de peau Alicia Silverstone, et vos émotions sont si profondes, votre imagination si vive que vous êtes pour ainsi dire souvent dans votre monde délicieux de rêves où, votre imagination aidant, vous vous créez tout un univers fantasmatique bien à vous qui enchevêtre bribes de réalité présente, souvenirs romantiques ou espoirs cachés. Parfois même, votre réceptivité est si intense que vous pouvez faire preuve de médiumnité ou, ce qui est plus gênant mais aussi extrêmement rare, avoir des hallucinations. Votre caractère fluctue au gré des stimulations que vous rencontrez mais vous êtes en général une bonne âme, pleine de douceur et de romantisme, toujours prête à comprendre votre prochain et à vous dévouer pour lui. Vous avez des dons certains pour guérir les gens, ne serait-ce que par votre talent pour comprendre d'instinct la souffrance d'autrui. Forcément, avec cette sorte de radar ambulant que constitue votre charpente affective, vous êtes vulnérable, sensible au moindre choc, influençable aussi car incapable de prendre du vrai recul avec les gens ou les évènements ; ainsi vous pouvez parfois vous mettre à douter et perdre un peu la confiance qui est en vous et qui est pourtant si nécessaire pour avancer.

Vous êtes, Alicia Silverstone, particulièrement sensible, émotive, intuitive, en fait vous percevez ce que l'on dit de vous avec une acuité très fine, ce qui a des avantages mais aussi l'inconvénient de vous rendre particulièrement vulnérable. Le qu'en dira-t-on est pour vous important même si c'est inconsciemment... (excerpt)

Mercury in Virgo and in House 8: her intellect and social life

Vous avez Alicia Silverstone une grande aptitude à la logique et à l'analyse ainsi qu'une manière objective et critique de juger chaque aspect d'une situation. Appliquée, méthodique, ayant le sens du détail et dotée d'une grande énergie nerveuse, vous pouvez tout à fait passer du temps à la réalisation de travaux intellectuels, laborieux et minutieux. Bien que possédant une certaine facilité à vous exprimer, vous ne cherchez pas vraiment à vous mettre en avant et préférez souvent collaborer plutôt que prendre des initiatives : vous vous sentez moins anxieuse quand vous savez exactement ce que l'on attend de vous et ce que vous avez à faire. Vous abordez tout avec rationalisme et éprouvez de la méfiance devant l'imagination et l'intuition. Amoureuse des lettres autant que des chiffres, votre humour mordant risque parfois de déstabiliser votre entourage qui vous préférerait peut-être un peu moins exigeante et un peu plus démonstrative. Dites-vous bien que l'on ne peut pas toujours tout maîtriser...

Vous aimez comprendre, explorer l'inconnu, éclaircir les mystères et vous plonger dans les domaines cachés de l'inconscient ou de l'au-delà, à ce qui vous échappe finalement, Alicia Silverstone. Aller plus loin, ne pas vous contenter de l'évident va de soi, vous n'êtes pas sur terre pour stagner... (excerpt)

Venus in Scorpio and in House 9, and the Sun in Libra: her affectivity and seductiveness

Dans votre thème, le Soleil est en Balance, Vénus en Scorpion. Vos Signes solaire et vénusien induisent des comportements affectifs complexes à souhait... Alors que l'associativité d'un Soleil Balance est légendaire, une Vénus Scorpion incite à la résistance, voire au refus. Sans doute manifestez-vous en alternance ces deux attitudes antinomiques : vous attendez d'une relation de couple qu'elle vous apporte un soutien moral et affectif, rêvant un idéal de fusion et d'harmonie. Pour cela, vous vous pensez apte à tout partager, à mettre en commun vos valeurs, vos modèles. Pourtant, vos désirs sont bien spécifiques et vos goûts particuliers. Et vous n'aimerez pas nécessairement une situation amoureuse dénuée d'antagonisme. Parce que vous savez qu'un amour se nourrit aussi de ces différences qui font l'enrichissement mutuel, vous ne laisserez pas longtemps la béate harmonie rêvée endormir la passion ! A terme, vos attitudes s'avéreront plus sélectives que prévu, et votre manière d'être plus tranchée. Le risque est alors d'adhérer a priori au mode de pensée d'un partenaire que vous ne souhaitez pas heurter, et d'éprouver ainsi un sentiment de platitude générateur de tensions. Il importe donc de veiller à respecter votre idéal de fusion et votre désir de vivre intensément la relation, contre vents et marées. Bien intégrée, cette configuration permet d'équilibrer deux tendances souvent incompatibles, d'adhérer à l'autre sans vous renier, de calmer le jeu quand il le faut sans étouffer l'exaltation des cœurs.

L'amour avec vous, Alicia Silverstone, n'est pas dissociable de la passion. Vos sentiments sont immédiats, impérieux, intenses, et vous ne pouvez absolument pas concevoir une relation amoureuse sans fusion avec votre partenaire, sans ce désir irrésistible de ne rien ignorer de l'autre : émotions, sentiments, sexualité, tout doit être vécu à la limite de la possessivité absolue et sans retenue. En réalité, vos sentiments sont aussi complexes qu'ils sont profonds et vous aimez rarement  mais avec une ardeur brûlante qui consume votre couple dans des ébats aussi torrides que violents. Bien sûr, ce type de sentiments aussi puissants peut mener à la jalousie et à l'exclusivité absolue, presque au contrôle de votre partenaire. Si la relation est véritable, cela se passera bien et dans le cas contraire, les risques de blessures partagées sont réels à l'intérieur de votre couple ; il est difficile de toute façon de concilier la passion et la tranquillité et il est clair que pour vous, la sérénité sentimentale passe par la rencontre d'une personne qui serait soit aussi complexe que vous et qui vous comprendrait ainsi instinctivement, soit de votre complémentaire, d'une nature aussi calme et solide que vos pulsions sont intenses et profondes.

Alicia Silverstone, à vous de choisir : l'amour rencontré au cours de vos voyages à l'étranger ou l'amour des voyages tout court et la focalisation des sentiments dans cet idéal d'évasion vers le lointain ? Ou peut-être les deux, quoi qu'il en soit, vous avez souvent tendance... (excerpt)

The Ascendant is in Aquarius and the ruler of the Ascendant is Uranus, in Scorpio: her behaviour

The ruler of the Ascendant, also referred to as the chart ruler, brings a few interesting nuances to the meanings provided by the Sun and the Ascendant. The sign in which the ruler of the Ascendant is posited fine-tunes the style of personality described by the Sun and the Ascendant. It may strengthen it if the sign is identical to either of them.

The ruler of the Ascendant, Alicia Silverstone, is Uranus. It is posited in the sign of Scorpio and makes you appreciate mysteries and the unknown. You need to understand, to solve riddles, and to take action behind the scenes, perhaps so as to be even more efficient. Your criticising skill is a weapon, but it may also backfire on you, just like your sometimes excessive obstinacy.

The Sun in Libra and in House 8: her will and inner motivations

Une chose est certaine, Alicia Silverstone, vos motivations ne peuvent être facilement cernées tant cette configuration est un petit peu à part et plutôt compliquée. Tout ce qui est du domaine des émotions est amplifié pour vous, vous avez tendance à mettre de la passion dans presque... (excerpt)

Mars in Libra and in House 9: her ability to take action

Alicia Silverstone, on ne peut pas dire que vous êtes spécialement agressive ! En réalité, il en faut généralement beaucoup pour que vous puissiez exprimer votre colère car vous êtes plutôt du genre hésitante et peu encline à prendre des risques ; en fait vous avez par dessus tout horreur de la violence et vous préférez laisser faire plutôt que d'intervenir. La modération et la juste mesure en toute chose ont nettement votre préférence. Un des rares domaines qui peut déclencher votre départ en guerre est peut-être lorsque vous constatez une grande injustice, qu'elle concerne vous-même ou quelqu'un de faible et désarmé. Dans le domaine de l'action comme celui de la sexualité, vous n'êtes pas spécialement impulsive et préférez nettement que votre partenaire vous montre la voie à suivre, avec sérénité et douceur si possible. A vrai dire, les formes et caractéristiques de votre libido sont beaucoup conditionnées par le reste de votre personnalité.

Vous pouvez vous donner de toutes vos forces pour votre idéal, Alicia Silverstone, qu'il soit de nature politique, religieux, éthique, moral, ou bien de la forme la plus élevée c'est-à-dire spirituel. Et souvent dans plusieurs de ces domaines. Se donner de toutes vos forces signifiera souvent un goût... (excerpt)

Conclusion

This text is only an excerpt from the portrait of of Alicia Silverstone, which we hope will inspire you to deepen your knowledge of astrology.

Regarding the sources of the birth data in our possession, kindly note that the pages we publish constitute a starting point for more detailed research, even though they seem useful to us. When the sources are contradictory, which occurs rarely, after having analysed them, we choose the most reliable one. Sometimes, we publish a birth date just because it is made available, but we do not claim that is it the best one, by no means.